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Review
. 2024 Mar 18;13(3):271.
doi: 10.3390/antibiotics13030271.

Antimicrobial Action Mechanisms of Natural Compounds Isolated from Endophytic Microorganisms

Farkhod Eshboev  1   2   3   4 , Nilufar Mamadalieva  1   2   3 , Pavel A Nazarov  5 , Hidayat Hussain  6 , Vladimir Katanaev  7   8 , Dilfuza Egamberdieva  3   4 , Shakhnoz Azimova  1
Affiliations
Review

Antimicrobial Action Mechanisms of Natural Compounds Isolated from Endophytic Microorganisms

Farkhod Eshboev et al. Antibiotics (Basel). .

Abstract

Infectious diseases are a significant challenge to global healthcare, especially in the face of increasing antibiotic resistance. This urgent issue requires the continuous exploration and development of new antimicrobial drugs. In this regard, the secondary metabolites derived from endophytic microorganisms stand out as promising sources for finding antimicrobials. Endophytic microorganisms, residing within the internal tissues of plants, have demonstrated the capacity to produce diverse bioactive compounds with substantial pharmacological potential. Therefore, numerous new antimicrobial compounds have been isolated from endophytes, particularly from endophytic fungi and actinomycetes. However, only a limited number of these compounds have been subjected to comprehensive studies regarding their mechanisms of action against bacterial cells. Furthermore, the investigation of their effects on antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the identification of biosynthetic gene clusters responsible for synthesizing these secondary metabolites have been conducted for only a subset of these promising compounds. Through a comprehensive analysis of current research findings, this review describes the mechanisms of action of antimicrobial drugs and secondary metabolites isolated from endophytes, antibacterial activities of the natural compounds derived from endophytes against antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and biosynthetic gene clusters of endophytic fungi responsible for the synthesis of bioactive secondary metabolites.

Keywords: antibacterial resistance; antibiotics; biosynthetic gene clusters; endophytes; mechanisms of action; natural compounds.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Mechanisms of action of antimicrobial drugs.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Chemical structures of endophyte-derived antibacterial compounds.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Chemical structures of endophyte-derived antibacterial compounds.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Chemical structures of endophyte-derived antibacterial compounds.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Chemical structures of endophyte-derived antibacterial compounds.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Chemical structures of endophyte-derived antibacterial compounds.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Chemical structures of endophyte-derived antibacterial compounds.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Chemical structures of endophyte-derived antibacterial compounds.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Chemical structures of endophyte-derived compounds active against antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Chemical structures of endophyte-derived compounds active against antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Chemical structures of endophyte-derived compounds active against antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Chemical structures of endophyte-derived compounds active against antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Chemical structures of endophyte-derived compounds active against antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Chemical structures of endophyte-derived compounds active against antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Chemical structures of endophyte-derived compounds active against antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Chemical structures of endophyte-derived compounds active against antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
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