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. 2024 Feb 27;9(3):54.
doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed9030054.

Factors Associated with Non-Adherence to Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment among Adult Contacts of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Cases with Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Catalonia, Spain, in 2019-2021

Pedro Plans-Rubió  1   2 , Sofia Godoy  3   4 , Diana Toledo  2   5 , Angela Domínguez  2   5 , Joan Caylà  6 , Ignasi Parron  1 , Joan Pau Millet  2   7 , Pere Godoy  2   3   4
Affiliations

Factors Associated with Non-Adherence to Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment among Adult Contacts of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Cases with Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Catalonia, Spain, in 2019-2021

Pedro Plans-Rubió et al. Trop Med Infect Dis. .

Abstract

The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with non-adherence to tuberculosis (TB) preventive treatment among contacts with latent TB infection for new cases of pulmonary TB cases reported in Catalonia in 2019-2021. All contacts aged 18 years or older with a latent TB infection who received a TB preventive treatment were included in the study. The Chi square test and the odds ratios (OR) were used to assess the association between non-adherence to TB preventive treatment and the study variables; a p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to detect the independent factors associated with TB preventive treatment non-adherence; a p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The percentage of non-adherence to TB preventive treatment found in this study was 23.7%. A multivariable logistic regression analysis determined that the following factors were significantly associated with TB preventive treatment non-adherence among adult contacts: "exposure at school or workplace" (aOR = 3.34), "exposure to an index case without laboratory confirmation of TB" (aOR = 2.07), "immigrant contact" (aOR = 1.81), "male gender" (aOR = 1.75) and "exposure duration < 6 h per week or sporadic" (aOR = 1.60. By contrast, the factor "short-term TB preventive treatment regimen" (aOR = 0.38) was significantly associated with a lower treatment non-adherence. Adherence to TB preventive treatment should be improved among adult contacts of TB pulmonary cases with latent TB infection by recommending short-term treatment regimens and by developing health education activities, with a greater focus on contacts with factors associated with treatment non-adherence.

Keywords: community health; factors of treatment non-adherence; latent tuberculosis infection; non-adherence to LTBI treatment; tuberculosis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flux diagram of the study.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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