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Editorial
. 2024 Jun 1;209(11):1296-1298.
doi: 10.1164/rccm.202402-0451ED.

Definitions of Dysbiosis in Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction and High Bacterial Biomass

John McGinniss  1
Affiliations
Editorial

Definitions of Dysbiosis in Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction and High Bacterial Biomass

John McGinniss. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. .
No abstract available

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
A simplified garden of forking dysbiosis after lung transplantation to date. Here, “eubiosis” is defined as the healthy post-transplant collection of microbes in the lung niche. A persistent challenge has been defining the eubiotic state and identifying the most biologically and clinically relevant deviations from normal. Combs and colleagues performed two studies (2, 3) suggesting bacterial biomass is the first branch point, given that bacterial biomass elevated biomass correlated with chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) onset, poor post-CLAD diagnosis outcomes, and pulmonary inflammation. The figure attempts to roughly map findings from Das and colleagues (5) and Schneeberger and colleagues (6) onto the current manuscript. Note that each research group used different nomenclature to define their clusters. As such, the “background” taxa correspond to low tertile, Pneumotypemicrobiota-depleted in the Das and colleagues paper, and community state type (CST) 2 in the Schneeberger and colleagues paper. Staph/Pseudomonas approximates the mid tertile, PneumotypeStaphylococcus and PneumotypePseudomonas, and CST3. “Oral” type taxa correspond with high tertile, PneumotypeBalanced, and CST1. ALAD = acute lung allograft dysfunction; ddPCR = droplet digital polymerase chain reaction.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Comment on

References

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    1. Combs MP, Luth JE, Falkowski NR, Wheeler DS, Walker NM, Erb-Downward JR, et al. The lung microbiome predicts mortality and response to azithromycin in lung transplant patients with chronic rejection. Am J Respir Crit Care Med . 2024;209:1360–1375. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Combs MP, Wheeler DS, Luth JE, Falkowski NR, Walker NM, Erb-Downward JR, et al. Lung microbiota predict chronic rejection in healthy lung transplant recipients: a prospective cohort study. Lancet Respir Med . 2021;9:601–612. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Abellan-Schneyder I, Schusser AJ, Neuhaus K. ddPCR allows 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of very small DNA amounts from low-biomass samples. BMC Microbiol . 2021;21:349. - PMC - PubMed
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