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Review
. 2024 Feb 23;17(3):289.
doi: 10.3390/ph17030289.

Dyslipidemia: A Narrative Review on Pharmacotherapy

Lucas Lentini Herling de Oliveira  1 , Arthur Cicupira Rodrigues de Assis  1 , Viviane Zorzanelli Rocha Giraldez  1 , Thiago Luis Scudeler  1 , Paulo Rogério Soares  1
Affiliations
Review

Dyslipidemia: A Narrative Review on Pharmacotherapy

Lucas Lentini Herling de Oliveira et al. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). .

Abstract

Dyslipidemia plays a fundamental role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Current guidelines for treating dyslipidemia focus on low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C). Despite advances in the pharmacotherapy of atherosclerosis, the most successful agents used to treat this disease-statins-remain insufficient in the primary or secondary prevention of acute myocardial infarction. Advancing therapy for hypercholesterolemia with emerging new drugs, either as monotherapy or in combination, is expected to improve cardiovascular outcomes. An emerging field in dyslipidemia pharmacotherapy is research on genetic therapies and genetic modulation. Understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying lipid alterations may lead to the development of personalized treatments that directly target the genetic causes of dyslipidemia. RNA messenger (mRNA)-based therapies are also being explored, offering the ability to modulate gene expression to normalize lipid levels. Furthermore, nanotechnology raises new possibilities in drug delivery for treating dyslipidemia. Controlled-release systems, nanoparticles, and liposomes can enhance the effectiveness and safety of medications by providing more precise and sustained release. This narrative review summarizes current and emerging therapies for the management of patients with dyslipidemia.

Keywords: cholesterol; dyslipidemias; gene therapy; statins.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Therapeutic targets for managing dyslipidemia. Legend: ACL: ATP citrate lyase; ANGPTL3: angiopoietin-like 3; BASs: bile-acid sequestrants; CETP: cholesteryl ester transfer protein; CETPi: CETP inhibitors; CM: chylomicron; CMR: chylomicron remnants; FFA: free fatty acids; HMG-CoA: hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA; LPL: lipoprotein lipase; MTP: microsomal triglyceride transfer protein; MTPi: MTP inhibitors; NPC1L1: Niemann–Pick C1-like 1. C: cholesterol; LDL-R: LDL receptors; VLDL: very-low-density lipoprotein.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Challenges for administering siRNAs.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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