Cardioprotective Effect of Hydroalcohol Extract of Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) Fruits on Doxorubicin-Induced Rats

Abstract

Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) fruit is a spice plant widely used in North Sumatra. The chemical content in the Andaliman plant has a cardioprotective effect, with antioxidant properties that inhibit oxidative stress and free radicals. SOD (superoxide dismutase), BNP (Brain Natriuretic Peptide), and cTnT (troponin T) are measured as markers of heart damage, and histopathology is to see heart damage. Quercetin administration was used as a comparison. The hydroalcoholic extract's phytochemical content and chemical elements were analyzed using LC-HRMS and GC-MS. The findings showed that the hydroalcohol extract of Andaliman fruits affected the blood levels of SOD, BNP, and cTnT in the blood of doxorubicin-induced rats. SOD levels increased, and BNP decreased; the 300 mg/kg BW group was not significantly different from the 50 mg/kg BW quercetin group. cTnT levels also decreased; the 150 mg/kg BW and 300 mg/kg BW groups were not significantly different, and both were better than the 50 mg/kg BW quercetin group. EAF with 150 mg/kg BW and 300 mg/kg BW can also repair damage to rat heart tissue caused by doxorubicin. Andaliman fruit extract has cardioprotective effects and anti-free radical activity due to its content and potential to be developed.

Keywords: Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.; cardioprotective; doxorubicin; quercetin.

Figure 1

LC-HRMS chromatogram of hydroalcohol extract of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.

Figure 2

GC-MS chromatogram of hydroalcohol extract of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.

Figure 3

The levels of SOD (A), BNP (B), and cTnT (C). EAF: hydroalcoholic extract of Andaliman fruits; DOX: doxorubicin; (a) significantly different from the normal group (p < 0.05); (b) significantly different from the CMC + DOX group (p < 0.05); (c) significantly different from the quercetin 50 mg/kg BW + DOX group (p < 0.05).

Figure 4

Histopathological evidence of the protective effect of hydroalcohol extract of Andaliman fruits from cardiotoxicity caused by doxorubicin (40× magnification). (1) Normal myocardial cells; (2) necrosis; (3) pyknosis; (4) karyolysis; (−) normal myocardial cells; (+++) severe necrosis; (++) moderate necrosis; and (+) mild necrosis.

Figure 5

Proposed EAF mechanism.

Figure 6

Timeline schedule of the treatment regimen.