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. 2024 Mar 29;24(1):402.
doi: 10.1186/s12903-024-04097-w.

Effect of chitosan and CMCS on dentin after Er:YAG laser irradiation: shear bond strength and surface morphology analysis

Lanxi Guan #  1 , Chen Cai #  1 , Jingheng Cui  1 , Yuting Huang  1 , Jian Zhao  1 , Xuan Chen  1 , Qianzhou Jiang  2 , Yang Li  3
Affiliations

Effect of chitosan and CMCS on dentin after Er:YAG laser irradiation: shear bond strength and surface morphology analysis

Lanxi Guan et al. BMC Oral Health. .

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) on dentin surface morphology and bonding strength after irradiation of Er:YAG laser.

Methods: Eighty-four laser-irradiated dentin samples were randomly distributed into three groups (n = 28/group) according to different surface conditioning process: deionized water for 60s; 1wt% chitosan for 60s; or 1wt% CMCS for 60s. Two specimens from each group were subjected to TEM analysis to confirm the presence of extrafibrillar demineralization on dentin fibrils. Two specimens from each group were subjected to morphological analysis by SEM. Seventy-two specimens (n = 24/group) were prepared, with a composite resin cone adhered to the dentin surface, and were then randomly assigned to one of two aging processes: storage in deionized water for 24 h or a thermocycling stimulation. The shear bond strength of laser-irradiated dentin to the resin composite was determined by a universal testing machine. Data acquired in the shear bond strength test was analyzed by one-way ANOVA with the Tukey honestly significant difference post hoc test and Independent Samples t-test (α = 0.05).

Results: CMCS group presented demineralized zone and a relatively smooth dentin surface morphology. CMCS group had significantly higher SBS value (6.08 ± 2.12) without aging (p < 0.05). After thermal cycling, both chitosan (5.26 ± 2.30) and CMCS group (5.82 ± 1.90) presented higher bonding strength compared to control group (3.19 ± 1.32) (p < 0.05). Chitosan and CMCS group preserved the bonding strength after aging process (p > 0.05).

Conclusions: CMCS has the potential to be applied in conjunction with Er:YAG laser in cavity preparation and resin restoration.

Keywords: Carboxymethyl chitosan; Chitosan; Dentin bonding; Er:YAG laser; Extrafibrillar.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Schematic diagram showing the experimental design
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Transmission electron microscopy observation of unstained laser-ablated dentin surface conditioned with deionized water,1 wt% chitosan, and 1wt% CMCS each for 60s. Left column: low magnification (×3.0k). Right column: high magnification (×40.0k). R, epoxy resin; D, mineralized dentin. Control group (A&B): No demineralized zone on dentin surface was observed. Chitosan group (C&D): 1wt% chitosan conditioning did not create a demineralized zone. CMCS group (E&F): Collagen fibrils with intrafibrillar apatite (open arrowheads) were presented within the zone of partially demineralized dentin. Partially demineralized zone (between open arrows) can be seen on the surface of the mineralized dentin
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Microphotographs of laser-ablated dentin surfaces conditioned with deionized water, 1 wt% chitosan, and 1wt% CMCS each for 60s. Left column: low magnification (×1.0k). Right column: high magnification (×3.0k). Control group (A&B): Control group presented typically rough, uneven, irregular, and cuff-like appearance. Chitosan group (C&D): The dentin surface demonstrated less obvious cuff-like appearance and the dentin tubule were partially plugged. CMCS group (E&F):The dentin surface was relatively smooth with open dentinal tubules, whereas the cuff-like dentin structure was not presented
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Failure mode of each experimental group before aging
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Failure mode of each experimental group after aging
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