Effect of Hormone Replacement Therapy on Chronic Rhinosinusitis Management

Abstract

Objectives: To investigate whether hormone replacement therapy (HRT) impacts health care resource utilization in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in older women.

Methods: Using the TriNetX US health record database, women 55 years or older with a diagnosis of CRS were included and followed for 3 years. The cohort was stratified into two groups: women who received HRT at the beginning of the study were compared to women who did not receive HRT. The groups were matched by age, race, ethnicity, history of asthma, and history of nasal polyps. Outcomes included whether the patient underwent endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) and frequency of antibiotic use. Measures of association, Kaplan-Meier analysis, and cohort descriptive statistics were calculated.

Results: Of the 65,400 women included, the mean age was 66.9 years. 27.0% and 3.6% of patients had a history of asthma or nasal polyps, respectively. Overall, 2.0% of CRS patients underwent ESS, with the HRT group less likely to undergo ESS [OR: 0.28; 95% CI: (0.25-0.32)] compared to patients who did not receive HRT. When stratified by polyp status, HRT patients with nasal polyps had a greater decrease in ESS rates compared to control than HRT patients without nasal polyps. The HRT group had a higher mean number of antibiotic prescriptions compared to the non-HRT group.

Conclusion: HRT is associated with decreased utilization of ESS to treat CRS, with a greater effect size for ESS among CRSwNP patients. However, HRT was associated with higher antibiotic utilization.

Level of evidence: 3 Laryngoscope, 134:3921-3926, 2024.

Keywords: chronic rhinosinusitis; estrogen; health care utilization; nasal polyps; sex differences.