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. 2024 Mar 30;14(1):7553.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-57329-y.

Domestic wastewater treatment by Pistia stratiotes in constructed wetland

Majid Ali  1 , Ambreen Aslam  2 , Abdul Qadeer  3 , Sabiha Javied  1 , Numrah Nisar  4 , Nayyer Hassan  5 , Afzal Hussain  6 , Basharat Ali  7 , Rashid Iqbal  8 , Talha Chaudhary  9 , Mona S Alwahibi  10 , Mohamed S Elshikh  10
Affiliations

Domestic wastewater treatment by Pistia stratiotes in constructed wetland

Majid Ali et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

The objective of the study was to evaluate the performance of Pistia stratiotes for treatment of domestic wastewater in a free surface water flow constructed wetland. The objective of the study was to evaluate contaminants removal efficiency of the constructed wetland vegetated with P. stratiotes in treatment of domestic wastewater against Hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 10, 20 and 30 days was investigated. This asks for newer and efficient low-cost nature-based water treatment system which along with cost takes into consideration the sustainability of the ecosystem. Five constructed wetland setups improved the wastewater quality and purify it significantly by reducing the TDS by 83%, TSS by 82%, BOD by 82%, COD by 81%, Chloride by 80%, Sulfate by 77%, NH3 by 84% and Total Oil and Grease by 74%. There was an increase in pH of about 11.9%. Color and odor of wastewater was also improved significantly and effectively. It was observed that 30 days' HRT was optimum for the treatment of domestic wastewater. The final effluent was found to be suitable as per national environmental quality standards and recycled for watering plants and crop irrigation but not for drinking purposes. The treatment in constructed wetland system was found to be economical, as the cost of construction only was involved and operational and maintenance cost very minimal. Even this research was conducted on the sole purpose of commuting the efficiency of pollutant removal in short span time.

Keywords: Pistia stratiotes; Constructed wetland; Domestic wastewater treatment; Hydraulic retention time; Macrophytes; Removal efficiency.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Pistia stratiotes hanging root system and purification mechanism in constructed wetland.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Containments % reduction against HRT.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Chemical oxygen demand (COD) against HRT.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Biological oxygen demand (BOD5) against HRT.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Total suspended solid against HRT.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Total dissolved solid against HRT.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Graph of ammonia against HRT.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Graph of sulfate against HRT.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Chloride against HRT.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Total oil and grease against HRT.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Graph of pH against HRT.
Figure 12
Figure 12
P. stratiotes growth in the wetlands.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Schematic flow of wastewater in the constructed wetlands.
Figure 14
Figure 14
(a) Design of constructed wetland experimental setup. (b) Drawing shows the dimensions of all wetlands.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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