'The way to obtain freedom and equality': Experiences and needs of Thai adolescent mothers in terms of the use smartphone applications for breastfeeding support

Abstract

Background: Breastfeeding brings about a positive impact on both child and maternal health in the short and long terms. However, adolescent mothers have a lower breastfeeding initiation rate and a shorter breastfeeding duration than adult mothers. Although mobile applications have been found to be the most widely used platform for breastfeeding support, there is still a lack of design specific for adolescents.

Aim: To explore the experiences, perspectives and needs of adolescent mothers and professional nurses using smartphone applications for breastfeeding support and the influence of this technology on healthcare in Thailand.

Methods: This formative qualitative research of the 'Development of smartphone application for promoting breastfeeding and learning of infant responsiveness for Thai teenage pregnant women' study intends to design a smartphone application and develop an implementation plan. A purposive sample was used to elicit experiences from adolescent mothers and nurses. Data were collected from 48 adolescent mothers through in-depth interviews with six focus group discussions and 12 nurses, following the data saturation principle. Thematic analysis was conducted, and potential factors and needs were mapped to the capability, opportunity, and motivation model of behaviour change (COM-B).

Results: Most adolescent mothers perceived the usefulness of smartphone apps as breastfeeding support resources. The qualitative findings of adolescent mothers were grouped into the following three themes: a friendly breastfeeding tool; allows them to manage their breastfeeding activities; and enhances the accessibility and equality of breastfeeding support. The professional nurses perceived the benefits of using smartphone applications in their work, which included the following three themes: reducing workload and making their work easier; preparation is always better; and increasing the standards of breastfeeding support.

Conclusion: Adolescent mothers and professional nurses showed favourable attitudes toward smartphone apps for breastfeeding support. These smartphone apps should be tailored to these groups to achieve optimal BF outcomes.

Fig 1. Mapping the stakeholders’ perceptions and needs affecting smartphone application design for breastfeeding support to the capability, opportunity, and motivation model of behaviour change (COM-B).