SNSVM: SqueezeNet-Guided SVM for Breast Cancer Diagnosis

Abstract

Breast cancer is a major public health concern that affects women worldwide. It is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women, and early detection is crucial for successful treatment. Unfortunately, breast cancer can often go undetected until it has reached advanced stages, making it more difficult to treat. Therefore, there is a pressing need for accurate and efficient diagnostic tools to detect breast cancer at an early stage. The proposed approach utilizes SqueezeNet with fire modules and complex bypass to extract informative features from mammography images. The extracted features are then utilized to train a support vector machine (SVM) for mammography image classification. The SqueezeNet-guided SVM model, known as SNSVM, achieved promising results, with an accuracy of 94.10% and a sensitivity of 94.30%. A 10-fold cross-validation was performed to ensure the robustness of the results, and the mean and standard deviation of various performance indicators were calculated across multiple runs. This model also outperforms state-of-the-art models in all performance indicators, indicating its superior performance. This demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach for breast cancer diagnosis using mammography images. The superior performance of the proposed model across all indicators makes it a promising tool for early breast cancer diagnosis. This may have significant implications for reducing breast cancer mortality rates.

Keywords: SqueezeNet; breast cancer diagnosis; support vector machine.

Figure 1. Examples of abnormal breast types in the mini-MIAS dataset

Figure 2. Structure of fire module

Figure 3. Original SqueezeNet structure

Figure 4. SqueezeNet with complex bypass

Figure 5. Separation hyperplane of SVM

Figure 6. Illustration of 10-fold cross-validation

Figure 7. Results of MDA

Figure 8. Accuracy convergence plot with iteration number

Figure 9. ROC curve

Figure 10. Comparison of SNSVM with other models