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Review
. 2024 Mar 7;9(12):13534-13555.
doi: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10271. eCollection 2024 Mar 26.

An Insight on Microfluidic Organ-on-a-Chip Models for PM2.5-Induced Pulmonary Complications

Disha Shah  1 , Bhavarth Dave  1 , Mehul R Chorawala  1 , Bhupendra G Prajapati  2 , Sudarshan Singh  3   4 , Gehan M Elossaily  5 , Mohd Nazam Ansari  6 , Nemat Ali  7
Affiliations
Review

An Insight on Microfluidic Organ-on-a-Chip Models for PM2.5-Induced Pulmonary Complications

Disha Shah et al. ACS Omega. .

Abstract

Pulmonary diseases like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, lung fibrosis, and lung cancer pose a significant burden to global human health. Many of these complications arise as a result of exposure to particulate matter (PM), which has been examined in several preclinical and clinical trials for its effect on several respiratory diseases. Particulate matter of size less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) has been known to inflict unforeseen repercussions, although data from epidemiological studies to back this are pending. Conventionally utilized two-dimensional (2D) cell culture and preclinical animal models have provided insufficient benefits in emulating the in vivo physiological and pathological pulmonary conditions. Three-dimensional (3D) structural models, including organ-on-a-chip models, have experienced a developmental upsurge in recent times. Lung-on-a-chip models have the potential to simulate the specific features of the lungs. With the advancement of technology, an emerging and advanced technique termed microfluidic organ-on-a-chip has been developed with the aim of identifying the complexity of the respiratory cellular microenvironment of the body. In the present Review, the role of lung-on-a-chip modeling in reproducing pulmonary complications has been explored, with a specific emphasis on PM2.5-induced pulmonary complications.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing financial interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
A brief schematic representation of the mechanism involved in PM2.5-induced pulmonary complications.
Figure 2
Figure 2
A diagrammatic comparison of 2D and 3D cell culture models, highlighting the key processes of their design, along with a list of their primary differences. Process: Bronchoscopy is used to obtain human airway biopsies. Human basal epithelial cells (HBECs) can proliferate on 3T3 murine fibroblasts by chopping biopsies into small explants. To grow in number, HBECs are further expanded on fibroblasts in a two-dimensional culture method. Next, fibroblasts and HBECs are sorted via differential trypsinization. After 1 week of culture, immune cells are added (if necessary) after they are sown in Matrigel. Twenty days after culture, organoids are generated (3D culture system).
Figure 3
Figure 3
A schematic representation of PDMS-microfluidic organ-on-a-chip device fabrication along with the common applications of these models.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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