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[Preprint]. 2024 Mar 21:rs.3.rs-4113605.
doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4113605/v1.

Associations Between Phenotypes of Childhood and Adolescent Obesity and Incident Hypertension in Young Adulthood

Ruth St Fleur  1 , Marian Tanofsky-Kraff  2 , Jack Yanovski  3 , Nicholas Horton  4 , Laura Reich  5 , Jorge Chavarro, Joel Hirschhorn  6 , Hannah Ziobrowski  5 , Alison Field  5
Affiliations

Associations Between Phenotypes of Childhood and Adolescent Obesity and Incident Hypertension in Young Adulthood

Ruth St Fleur et al. Res Sq. .

Update in

Abstract

Objectives: We investigated whether empirically derived childhood obesity phenotypes were differentially associated with risk of hypertension in young adulthood, and whether these associations differed by sex.

Methods: Data came from 11,404 participants in the Growing Up Today Study, a prospective cohort study in the US established in 1996. We used a childhood obesity phenotype variable that was previously empirically derived using latent class analysis. The childhood obesity phenotypes included an early puberty phenotype (females only), a mothers with obesity phenotype, a high weight concerns phenotype, and a mixed phenotype. Participants without overweight or obesity in childhood or adolescence were the reference group. We then used logistic regression models with generalized estimating equations to examine associations of childhood obesity phenotypes with incident hypertension between ages 20-35 years. All analyses were stratified by sex.

Results: Among females, participants in all of the empirically derived childhood obesity phenotypes were more likely than their peers without childhood overweight/obesity to develop hypertension in young adulthood (early puberty subtype odds ratio (OR) = 2.52; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.75, 3.62; mothers with obesity (MO) subtype OR = 2.98; 95% CI = 1.93, 4.59; high weight concerns (WC) subtype OR = 2.33; 95% CI = 1.65, 3.28; mixed subtype OR = 1.66; 95% CI = 1.25, 2.20). Among males, the childhood obesity phenotypes were associated with a higher risk of developing hypertension, although males in the MO (OR = 2.65; 95% CI = 1.82, 3.87) and WC phenotypes (OR = 3.52; 95% CI = 2.38, 5.20) had a greater risk of developing hypertension than the mixed subtype (OR = 1.51; 95% CI = 1.23, 1.86) (p = 0.004).

Conclusion: Risk for incident hypertension in young adulthood varied by childhood obesity phenotypes, as well as by biological sex. If replicated, these results may suggest that increased surveillance of specific childhood obesity phenotypes might help in targeting those at highest risk for hypertension.

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Conflict of interest statement

No financial disclosures relevant to this research study were reported by the authors of this paper. JAY reports grant support and/or provision of medications for unrelated trials of pharmacotherapies for obesity from Rhythm Pharmaceuticals, Soleno Therapeutics, Hikma Pharmaceuticals, and Versanis Bio. The opinions and assertions expressed herein are those of the authors and are not to be construed as reflecting the views of the National Institutes of Health, USU, or the United States Department of Defense.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Obesity phenotypes and risk of incident hypertension in females
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Obesity phenotypes and risk of incident hypertension in males
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