Vaccines for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prevention in Older Adults

Abstract

Objective: This review evaluates the efficacy and safety of novel respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines approved for adults aged 60 years and older.

Data sources: A literature search through February 27, 2024 was conducted using search terms, such as RSV, viral respiratory illness, vaccine, RSVpreF, RSVpreF3, Prefusion F, Abrysvo, and Arexvy.

Study selection and data extraction: Data from primary literature and vaccine prescribing information were reviewed, encompassing evaluations of clinical pharmacology, efficacy, safety, adverse events, warnings, and precautions.

Data synthesis: The literature review process resulted in 10 articles included within this article's scope, including the results of 2 major phase III trials presented in detail. Two RSV vaccines, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine (recombinant [adjuvanted]; RSVpreF3-ASO1E, Arexvy) and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine (recombinant; RSVpreF, Abrysvo), approved for preventing RSV-associated lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD) in adults aged 60 years or older in the United States are discussed. Results from Phase III trials have demonstrated the efficacy of 1 dose of these vaccines in preventing RSV-associated LRTD across 2 RSV seasons.

Relevance to patient care and clinical practice: The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices currently recommends use of these vaccines under shared clinical decision-making for adults aged 60 years or older. Most common adverse effects include injection site reactions (eg, site pain, redness, and swelling). Administration requires a single intramuscular injection of 0.5 mL, reconstituted prior to administration.

Conclusions: The RSVpreF3-ASO1E and RSVpreF vaccines effectively prevent RSV-associated LRTD in adults aged 60 years and older.

Keywords: RSV; older adults; respiratory syncytial virus; respiratory tract infection; vaccine.