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. 2024 Mar 19:15:1369968.
doi: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1369968. eCollection 2024.

Association between lactate dehydrogenase and the risk of diabetic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes

Linqiao Tang #  1 , Qianyu Yang #  2   3 , Rong Ma #  4 , Ping Zhou  2   3 , Cong Peng  2   3 , Chunpeng Xie  2   3 , Qiyuan Liang  2   3 , Tingyu Wu  2   3 , Wuyu Gao  2   3 , Haiyan Yu  2   3 , Guifei Deng  2   3 , Zhen Dai  2   3 , Nan Mao  2   3 , Xiang Xiao  1   2   3
Affiliations

Association between lactate dehydrogenase and the risk of diabetic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes

Linqiao Tang et al. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). .

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to investigate the association between lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the risk of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: The study enrolled patients with diagnosis of T2D between 2009 and 2018 from the National Nutrition and Health Examination Survey (NHANES) database. Demographic information, laboratory test, and diagnostic data were collected. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) plots were used to assess the dose-effect relationship between LDH levels and the risk of DKD in patients with T2D. Based on LDH levels, individuals were divided into higher and lower groups using dichotomy, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between different LDH levels and the risk of DKD in T2D patients. Stratified analysis was performed to assess the consistency of the result.

Results: A total of 4888 patients were included in the study, with 2976 (60.9%) patients without DKD and 1912 (39.1%) patients with DKD. RCS plots showed that the risk of DKD increased with increasing LDH levels. Multifactorial logistic regression analysis revealed that T2D patients with higher LDH levels had a 45% increased risk of DKD compared to those with lower LDH levels (OR=1.45; 95% CI: 1.11-1.89). Furthermore, each standard deviation increase in LDH level was associated with a 24% increase in DKD incidence among T2D patients (OR=1.24; 95% CI: 1.07-1.44). Stratified analysis consistently supported these findings.

Conclusions: LDH can serve as a valuable biomarker for screening DKD in patients with T2D.

Keywords: NHANES; database research; diabetic kidney disease; risk factors; type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flowchart of included individuals in this study.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The dose-effect relationship between LDH levels and the risk of DKD in patients with T2D.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Associations between SII and the risk of CKD in individuals. Model 1a adjusted for baseline age, gender, race; Model 2b adjusted for covariates in model 1 plus alcohol user (‘yes’ or ‘no’), smoke (‘yes’ or ‘no’). Model 3c adjusted for adjusted for covariates in model 2 plus hypertension (‘yes’ or ‘no’), hemoglobin, serum albumin, uric acid. OR, odds ratio; CI, Confidence interval; BMI, Body Mass Index; CRP, C-reaction protein; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; LDL, low density lipoprotein; HDL, high density lipoprotein; CKD, chronic kidney disease; T2D, type 2 diabetes.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Stratified analysis of the risk of the CKD in individuals with T2D. Adjust for age, sex (‘Female’, ‘Male’), race, BMI. OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; BMI, Body Mass Index; T2D, type 2 diabetes.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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