Declaration of interests D.M. reports research funding from the National Institutes of Health, Gates Foundation, Kaiser Permanente Fund, National Association of Chain Drug Stores Foundation, and Rockefeller Foundation; personal fees from Acasti Pharma (ended); scientific advisory board, Beren Therapeutics, Brightseed, Calibrate, Elysium Health, Filtricine, HumanCo, Instacart Health, January Inc., Season Health, Validation Institute (ended: Perfect Day, Tiny Organics); stock ownership in Calibrate and HumanCo; and chapter royalties from UpToDate. D.G. reports personal fees from the Dewey Square Group. E.A.C. and M.M.-S. have received consulting fees related to the topics of this manuscript from the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy. The Food is Medicine Institute has received research funding or gifts for investigator-initiated research to support other faculty or trainees from About Fresh, the American Diabetes Association, the American Heart Association, Google, John Hancock, Kroger, and family foundations.