Assessing harmonized intelligence measures in a multinational study

Abstract

Studies examining the neurocognitive and circuit-based etiology of psychiatric illness are moving toward inclusive, global designs. A potential confounding effect of these associations is general intelligence; however, an internationally validated, harmonized intelligence quotient (IQ) measure is not available. We describe the procedures used to measure IQ across a five-site, multinational study and demonstrate the harmonized measure's cross-site validity. Culturally appropriate intelligence measures were selected: four short-form Wechsler intelligence tests (Brazil, Netherlands, South Africa, United States) and the Binet Kamat (India). Analyses included IQ scores from 255 healthy participants (age 18-50; 42% male). Regression analyses tested between-site differences in IQ scores, as well as expected associations with sociodemographic factors (sex, socioeconomic status, education) to assess validity. Harmonization (e.g., a priori selection of tests) yielded the compatibility of IQ measures. Higher IQ was associated with higher socioeconomic status, suggesting good convergent validity. No association was found between sex and IQ at any site, suggesting good discriminant validity. Associations between higher IQ and higher years of education were found at all sites except the United States. Harmonized IQ scores provide a measure of IQ with evidence of good validity that can be used in neurocognitive and circuit-based studies to control for intelligence across global sites.

Keywords: education; full-scale intelligence quotient; healthy participants; socioeconomic status.

Figure 1.

Associations between FSIQ scores and sociodemographics. (A) Main effect of WAMI index score (SES) was significant. (B) Full-scale IQ score is positively associated with educational attainment in Brazil (blue), India (maroon), Netherlands (teal) and South Africa (purple) and negatively associated with educational attainment in the United States (green). Main effects of (C) sex were not significant. Figures depicting individual sites in the Supplementary Figure S2. SES, socioeconomic status from the WAMI; FSIQ, full-scale IQ.