A comparative evaluation of masticatory load distribution in different types of prosthesis with varying number of implants: A FEM analysis

Abstract

Aim: To identify the optimal number and position of implants to reduce stress concentration on the implant, denture, and attachment system for sustaining an overdenture prosthesis.

Materials and methods: By incorporating one to eight indigenous implants with bar-type attachments, eight 3D finite element models of mandibular overdentures were created. All models received a 200 N vertical load, and the biomechanical characteristics of peri-implant bone were assessed.

Result: The study observed that with a vertical load of 200 N, the maximum equivalent stress around peri-implant tissue in all models was within the physiological tolerance threshold of bone. The von Mises stress values ranged from 116.18 MPa to 536.7 MPa.

Conclusion: The three-implant-supported overdenture model revealed superior peri-implant stress, stability, cost-effectiveness, and hygiene maintenance outcomes. Placing a third implant in the mid-symphysis region may offer a practical solution to reduce rotations in two-implant-supported overdentures.

Keywords: Bar-supported; Complete denture; Finite element analysis; Implant-supported overdentures; Von mises stress.

Graphical abstract

Fig. 1

Indigenous implant used in study.

Fig. 2

A to 2H: The four 3D finite element models of the edentulous mandible and prosthetic components: (A) represents model A (complete denture); (B) represents model B (single-implant model); (C) represents model C (two-implant model); (D) represents model D (three-implant model); (E) represents model E (four-implant model); (F) represents model F (four-implant all-on-four model); (G) represents model G (six-implant model); (H) represents model H (eight-implant model).

Fig. 3

A to 3H: Equivalent strain distribution in the peri-implant bone of model A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H under a 200 N vertical loading condition. Colours indicate level of strain from dark blue (lowest) to red (highest).