. 2024 Apr 5;44(4):86.

doi: 10.1007/s10875-023-01613-5.

COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity Reduces Hospitalization and Critical Care Needs Related to COVID-19: a USIDNET Report

John McDonnell¹, Kimberley Cousins², M Elizabeth M Younger³, Adam Lane^{4

5}, Hassan Abolhassani^{6

7}, Roshini S Abraham^{8

9}, Salem Al-Tamemi¹⁰, Juan Carlos Aldave-Becerra¹¹, Eman Hesham Al-Faris¹², Alberto Alfaro-Murillo¹³, Suzan A AlKhater^{14

15}, Nouf Alsaati¹⁶, Alexa Michelle Altman Doss¹⁷, Melissa Anderson¹⁸, Ernestina Angarola¹⁹, Barbara Ariue²⁰, Danielle E Arnold²¹, Amal H Assa'ad²², Caner Aytekin²³, Meaghan Bank²⁴, Jenna R E Bergerson²⁵, Jack Bleesing^{4

5}, John Boesing²⁶, Carolina Bouso²⁷, Nicholas Brodszki²⁸, Diana Cabanillas²⁹, Carol Cady³⁰, Meghan A Callahan³¹, Roberta Caorsi³², Javier Carbone³³, Maria Carrabba³⁴, Riccardo Castagnoli^{35

36}, Jason R Catanzaro³⁷, Samantha Chan³⁸, Sharat Chandra^{4

5}, Hugo Chapdelaine³⁹, Zahra Chavoshzadeh⁴⁰, Hey Jin Chong⁴¹, Lori Connors⁴², Filippo Consonni⁴³, Oscar Correa-Jimenez⁴⁴, Charlotte Cunningham-Rundles², Katherine D'Astous-Gauthier⁴⁵, Ottavia Maria Delmonte²⁵, Yesim Yilmaz Demirdag⁴⁶, Deepti R Deshpande⁴⁷, Natalie M Diaz-Cabrera⁴⁸, Victoria R Dimitriades⁴⁹, Rasha El-Owaidy⁵⁰, Gehad ElGhazali⁵¹, Suleiman Al-Hammadi⁵², Giovanna Fabio³⁴, Astrid Schellnast Faure⁵³, Jin Feng⁵⁴, James M Fernandez⁵⁵, Lauren Fill⁵⁶, Guacira R Franco⁵⁷, Robert W Frenck^{5

58}, Ramsay L Fuleihan⁵⁹, Giuliana Giardino⁶⁰, Jessica Galant-Swafford⁶¹, Eleonora Gambineri^{43

62}, Elizabeth K Garabedian⁶³, Ashley V Geerlinks⁶⁴, Ekaterini Goudouris⁶⁵, Octavio Grecco⁵⁷, Qiang Pan-Hammarström⁶, Hedieh Haji Khodaverdi Khani⁴⁰, Lennart Hammarström⁶, Nicholas L Hartog⁶⁶, Jennifer Heimall⁶⁷, Gabriela Hernandez-Molina⁶⁸, Caroline C Horner⁶⁹, Robert W Hostoffer⁵⁶, Nataliya Hristova⁷⁰, Kuang-Chih Hsiao^{71

72

73}, Gabriela Ivankovich-Escoto⁷⁴, Faris Jaber⁵⁴, Maaz Jalil⁷⁵, Mahnaz Jamee⁷⁶, Tiffany Jean⁴⁶, Stephanie Jeong⁵⁴, Devi Jhaveri⁷⁷, Michael B Jordan^{4

5

78}, Avni Y Joshi⁷⁹, Amanpreet Kalkat⁵⁶, Henry J Kanarek⁸⁰, Erinn S Kellner⁸¹, Amer Khojah⁸², Ruby Khoury^{4

5}, Cristina M Kokron⁵⁷, Ashish Kumar^{4

5}, Kelsey Lecerf⁸³, Heather K Lehman⁸⁴, Jennifer W Leiding⁸⁵, Harry Lesmana⁸⁶, Xin Rong Lim⁸⁷, Joao Pedro Lopes⁸⁸, Ana Laura López⁸⁹, Lucia Tarquini⁹⁰, Ingrid S Lundgren⁹¹, Julieann Magnusson⁹², Ana Karolina B B Marinho⁵⁷, Gian Luigi Marseglia³⁵, Giulia M Martone⁸⁴, Annamaria G Mechtler⁹³, Leonardo Mendonca^{57

94}, Joshua D Milner⁹⁵, Peter J Mustillo⁹⁶, Asal Gharib Naderi⁹⁷, Samuele Naviglio⁹⁸, Jeremy Nell⁹⁹, Hana B Niebur¹⁰⁰, Luigi Notarangelo²⁵, Matias Oleastro²⁷, María Claudia Ortega-López¹⁰¹, Neil R Patel¹⁰², Gordana Petrovic¹⁰³, Claudio Pignata¹⁰⁴, Oscar Porras¹⁰⁵, Benjamin T Prince⁹⁶, Jennifer M Puck¹⁰⁶, Nashmia Qamar¹⁰⁷, Marco Rabusin⁹⁸, Nikita Raje¹⁸, Lorena Regairaz¹⁰⁸, Kimberly A Risma¹⁰⁹, Elizabeth H Ristagno¹¹⁰, John Routes¹¹¹, Persio Roxo-Junior¹¹², Negin Salemi¹¹³, Christopher Scalchunes¹¹⁴, Susan J Schuval¹¹⁵, Suranjith L Seneviratne¹¹⁶, Ashwin Shankar⁵⁶, Roya Sherkat¹¹³, Junghee Jenny Shin¹¹⁷, Abeer Siddiqi¹¹⁸, Sara Signa³², Ali Sobh¹¹⁹, Fabiana Mascarenhas Souza Lima⁵⁷, Kristen K Stenehjem¹⁰², Jonathan S Tam¹²⁰, Monica Tang¹²¹, Myrthes Toledo Barros⁵⁷, James Verbsky¹¹¹, Eleni Vergadi¹²², Dayne H Voelker¹²³, Stefano Volpi^{32

124}, Luke A Wall¹²⁵, Christine Wang¹²⁶, Kelli W Williams¹²⁷, Eveline Y Wu¹²⁸, Shan Shan Wu^{129

130}, Jessie J Zhou¹³¹, Alexandria Cook¹¹¹, Kathleen E Sullivan¹⁶, Rebecca Marsh^{4

5}

Affiliations

¹ Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Children's Hospital, 9500 Euclid Ave/R3, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA. mcdonnj@ccf.org.
² Clinical Immunology, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
³ Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
⁴ Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
⁵ Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
⁶ Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
⁷ Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁸ Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, USA.
⁹ Dept of Pathology, The Ohio State Univ Wexner College of Medicine, Columbus, USA.
¹⁰ Department of Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman.
¹¹ Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Lima, Peru.
¹² Department of Internal Medicine, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
¹³ Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Hospital San Juan de Dios, San José, Costa Rica.
¹⁴ Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
¹⁵ King Fahd Hospital of University, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia.
¹⁶ Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
¹⁷ Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA.
¹⁸ Division of Allergy Immunology Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA.
¹⁹ Immunology and Histocompatibility Unit, Hospital C. G. Durand, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
²⁰ Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Loma Linda Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
²¹ Immune Deficiency-Cellular Therapy Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
²² Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, USA.
²³ Department of Pediatric Immunology, Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Children's Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
²⁴ Department of Internal Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, USA.
²⁵ Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA.
²⁶ Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
²⁷ Immunology Department, Hospital Nacional de Pediatría Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
²⁸ Department of Pediatric Immunology, Children's Hospital, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
²⁹ Immunology Unit-Hospital Sor María Ludovica, La Plata, Argentina.
³⁰ Community Medical Center, Missoula, MT, USA.
³¹ Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Elmira, USA.
³² Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147, Genoa, Italy.
³³ Immunology Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Maranon, Madrid, Spain.
³⁴ Department of Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
³⁵ Pediatric Unit, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
³⁶ Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
³⁷ Section of Pulmonology, Allergy, Immunology and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
³⁸ Department of Clinical Immunology & Allergy, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
³⁹ Clinical Immunology, Montreal Clinical Research Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
⁴⁰ Immunology and Allergy Department, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁴¹ Division of Allergy and Immunology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
⁴² Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
⁴³ Centre of Excellence, Division of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy.
⁴⁴ Pediatric Pulmonology and Immunology Research Group, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.
⁴⁵ Department of Pediatric Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
⁴⁶ Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
⁴⁷ Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
⁴⁸ Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.
⁴⁹ Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA.
⁵⁰ Pediatric Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, Children's Hospital, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
⁵¹ Abu Dhabi and College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Union71 - Purehealth, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
⁵² College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
⁵³ Hospital Sor María Ludovica, La Plata, Argentina.
⁵⁴ Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
⁵⁵ Department of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.
⁵⁶ University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Centers, Cleveland, OH, USA.
⁵⁷ Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
⁵⁸ Division of Infectious Disease, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
⁵⁹ Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
⁶⁰ Pediatric Section, Department of Translational Medical Science, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
⁶¹ Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA.
⁶² Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
⁶³ National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
⁶⁴ Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
⁶⁵ Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology - IPPMG, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
⁶⁶ Helen DeVos Children's Hospital Division of Allergy and Immunology, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, MI, USA.
⁶⁷ Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
⁶⁸ Immunology and Rheumatology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.
⁶⁹ Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
⁷⁰ Department of Clinical Immunology and Stem Cell Bank, University Hospital Álexandrovska, Sofia, Bulgaria.
⁷¹ Starship Child Health, Auckland, New Zealand.
⁷² Department of Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
⁷³ Clinical Immunogenomics Research Consortium Australasia, Sydney, Australia.
⁷⁴ Department of Pediatrics, Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, Hospital Nacional de Niños, San José, Costa Rica.
⁷⁵ Advanced ENT & Allergy, Medford, NJ, USA.
⁷⁶ Pediatric Nephrology Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁷⁷ Allergy Immunology Associates Inc., Allergy Immunology Fellowship Associate Program Director University Hospitals of Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, USA.
⁷⁸ Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
⁷⁹ Mayo Clinic Children's Center, Pediatric and Adult Allergy and Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
⁸⁰ Kanarek Allergy Asthma Immunology, Overland Park, KS, USA.
⁸¹ Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
⁸² Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
⁸³ Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
⁸⁴ Department of Pediatrics, University of Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA.
⁸⁵ Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
⁸⁶ Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
⁸⁷ Department of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, Singapore.
⁸⁸ UH Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
⁸⁹ Unidad de Inmunología E Histocompatibilidad, Hospital Dr. Carlos G. Durand, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
⁹⁰ Section of Pathological Anatomy and Histopathology, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, 60020, Ancona, Italy.
⁹¹ Pediatric Infectious Diseases, St. Luke's Children's Hospital, Boise, ID, USA.
⁹² USIDNET, Towson, MD, USA.
⁹³ University of Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA.
⁹⁴ Center for Rare and Immunological Diseases, Hospital 9 de Julho - Rede DASA, São Paulo, Brazil.
⁹⁵ Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
⁹⁶ Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University Wexner College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
⁹⁷ Allergy & Immunology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
⁹⁸ Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo,", Trieste, Italy.
⁹⁹ Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust and Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
¹⁰⁰ Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
¹⁰¹ Division of Pediatrics, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Hospital Infantil Universitario de San José, Bogotá, Colombia.
¹⁰² Department of Pediatrics, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA.
¹⁰³ Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Institute of Mother and Child Health, Belgrade, Serbia.
¹⁰⁴ Pediatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
¹⁰⁵ Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology Department, Hospital Nacional de Niños "Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera,", San José, Costa Rica.
¹⁰⁶ Division of Allergy and Immunology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA.
¹⁰⁷ Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
¹⁰⁸ Chief of Immunology Unit, Children's Hospital "Sor María Ludovica, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
¹⁰⁹ Division of Allergy Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
¹¹⁰ Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
¹¹¹ Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
¹¹² Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
¹¹³ Immunodeficiency Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
¹¹⁴ Immune Deficiency Foundation, 7550 Teague Road, Hanover, MD, 21076, USA.
¹¹⁵ Division of Allergy and Immunology, Stony Brook Children's Hospital, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
¹¹⁶ Department of Clinical Immunology, Nawaloka Hospitals, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
¹¹⁷ Section of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
¹¹⁸ Houston ENT and Allergy, Houston, TX, USA.
¹¹⁹ Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University Children's Hospital, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
¹²⁰ Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
¹²¹ Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA.
¹²² Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, University of Crete, Rethymno, Greece.
¹²³ Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
¹²⁴ Dipartimento Di NeuroscienzeRiabilitazioneOftalmologiaGenetica e Scienze Materno Infantili, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
¹²⁵ Section of Allergy Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health and Children's Hospital New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA.
¹²⁶ Section of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
¹²⁷ Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
¹²⁸ Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
¹²⁹ University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
¹³⁰ Allergy and Immunology Associates Inc., Mayfield Heights, OH, USA.
¹³¹ Department of Clinical Immunology & Allergy, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.

PMID: 38578389
PMCID: PMC10997719
DOI: 10.1007/s10875-023-01613-5

COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity Reduces Hospitalization and Critical Care Needs Related to COVID-19: a USIDNET Report

John McDonnell et al. J Clin Immunol. 2024.

. 2024 Apr 5;44(4):86.

doi: 10.1007/s10875-023-01613-5.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Children's Hospital, 9500 Euclid Ave/R3, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA. mcdonnj@ccf.org.
² Clinical Immunology, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
³ Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
⁴ Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
⁵ Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
⁶ Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
⁷ Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁸ Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, USA.
⁹ Dept of Pathology, The Ohio State Univ Wexner College of Medicine, Columbus, USA.
¹⁰ Department of Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman.
¹¹ Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Lima, Peru.
¹² Department of Internal Medicine, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
¹³ Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Hospital San Juan de Dios, San José, Costa Rica.
¹⁴ Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
¹⁵ King Fahd Hospital of University, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia.
¹⁶ Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
¹⁷ Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA.
¹⁸ Division of Allergy Immunology Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA.
¹⁹ Immunology and Histocompatibility Unit, Hospital C. G. Durand, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
²⁰ Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Loma Linda Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
²¹ Immune Deficiency-Cellular Therapy Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
²² Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, USA.
²³ Department of Pediatric Immunology, Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Children's Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
²⁴ Department of Internal Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, USA.
²⁵ Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA.
²⁶ Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
²⁷ Immunology Department, Hospital Nacional de Pediatría Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
²⁸ Department of Pediatric Immunology, Children's Hospital, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
²⁹ Immunology Unit-Hospital Sor María Ludovica, La Plata, Argentina.
³⁰ Community Medical Center, Missoula, MT, USA.
³¹ Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Elmira, USA.
³² Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147, Genoa, Italy.
³³ Immunology Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Maranon, Madrid, Spain.
³⁴ Department of Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
³⁵ Pediatric Unit, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
³⁶ Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
³⁷ Section of Pulmonology, Allergy, Immunology and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
³⁸ Department of Clinical Immunology & Allergy, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
³⁹ Clinical Immunology, Montreal Clinical Research Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
⁴⁰ Immunology and Allergy Department, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁴¹ Division of Allergy and Immunology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
⁴² Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
⁴³ Centre of Excellence, Division of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy.
⁴⁴ Pediatric Pulmonology and Immunology Research Group, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.
⁴⁵ Department of Pediatric Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
⁴⁶ Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
⁴⁷ Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
⁴⁸ Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.
⁴⁹ Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA.
⁵⁰ Pediatric Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, Children's Hospital, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
⁵¹ Abu Dhabi and College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Union71 - Purehealth, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
⁵² College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
⁵³ Hospital Sor María Ludovica, La Plata, Argentina.
⁵⁴ Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
⁵⁵ Department of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.
⁵⁶ University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Centers, Cleveland, OH, USA.
⁵⁷ Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
⁵⁸ Division of Infectious Disease, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
⁵⁹ Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
⁶⁰ Pediatric Section, Department of Translational Medical Science, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
⁶¹ Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA.
⁶² Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
⁶³ National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
⁶⁴ Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
⁶⁵ Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology - IPPMG, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
⁶⁶ Helen DeVos Children's Hospital Division of Allergy and Immunology, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, MI, USA.
⁶⁷ Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
⁶⁸ Immunology and Rheumatology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.
⁶⁹ Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
⁷⁰ Department of Clinical Immunology and Stem Cell Bank, University Hospital Álexandrovska, Sofia, Bulgaria.
⁷¹ Starship Child Health, Auckland, New Zealand.
⁷² Department of Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
⁷³ Clinical Immunogenomics Research Consortium Australasia, Sydney, Australia.
⁷⁴ Department of Pediatrics, Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, Hospital Nacional de Niños, San José, Costa Rica.
⁷⁵ Advanced ENT & Allergy, Medford, NJ, USA.
⁷⁶ Pediatric Nephrology Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁷⁷ Allergy Immunology Associates Inc., Allergy Immunology Fellowship Associate Program Director University Hospitals of Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, USA.
⁷⁸ Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
⁷⁹ Mayo Clinic Children's Center, Pediatric and Adult Allergy and Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
⁸⁰ Kanarek Allergy Asthma Immunology, Overland Park, KS, USA.
⁸¹ Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
⁸² Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
⁸³ Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
⁸⁴ Department of Pediatrics, University of Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA.
⁸⁵ Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
⁸⁶ Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
⁸⁷ Department of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, Singapore.
⁸⁸ UH Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
⁸⁹ Unidad de Inmunología E Histocompatibilidad, Hospital Dr. Carlos G. Durand, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
⁹⁰ Section of Pathological Anatomy and Histopathology, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, 60020, Ancona, Italy.
⁹¹ Pediatric Infectious Diseases, St. Luke's Children's Hospital, Boise, ID, USA.
⁹² USIDNET, Towson, MD, USA.
⁹³ University of Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA.
⁹⁴ Center for Rare and Immunological Diseases, Hospital 9 de Julho - Rede DASA, São Paulo, Brazil.
⁹⁵ Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
⁹⁶ Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University Wexner College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
⁹⁷ Allergy & Immunology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
⁹⁸ Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo,", Trieste, Italy.
⁹⁹ Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust and Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
¹⁰⁰ Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
¹⁰¹ Division of Pediatrics, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Hospital Infantil Universitario de San José, Bogotá, Colombia.
¹⁰² Department of Pediatrics, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA.
¹⁰³ Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Institute of Mother and Child Health, Belgrade, Serbia.
¹⁰⁴ Pediatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
¹⁰⁵ Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology Department, Hospital Nacional de Niños "Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera,", San José, Costa Rica.
¹⁰⁶ Division of Allergy and Immunology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA.
¹⁰⁷ Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
¹⁰⁸ Chief of Immunology Unit, Children's Hospital "Sor María Ludovica, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
¹⁰⁹ Division of Allergy Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
¹¹⁰ Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
¹¹¹ Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
¹¹² Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
¹¹³ Immunodeficiency Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
¹¹⁴ Immune Deficiency Foundation, 7550 Teague Road, Hanover, MD, 21076, USA.
¹¹⁵ Division of Allergy and Immunology, Stony Brook Children's Hospital, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
¹¹⁶ Department of Clinical Immunology, Nawaloka Hospitals, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
¹¹⁷ Section of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
¹¹⁸ Houston ENT and Allergy, Houston, TX, USA.
¹¹⁹ Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University Children's Hospital, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
¹²⁰ Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
¹²¹ Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA.
¹²² Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, University of Crete, Rethymno, Greece.
¹²³ Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
¹²⁴ Dipartimento Di NeuroscienzeRiabilitazioneOftalmologiaGenetica e Scienze Materno Infantili, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
¹²⁵ Section of Allergy Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health and Children's Hospital New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA.
¹²⁶ Section of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
¹²⁷ Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
¹²⁸ Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
¹²⁹ University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
¹³⁰ Allergy and Immunology Associates Inc., Mayfield Heights, OH, USA.
¹³¹ Department of Clinical Immunology & Allergy, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.

PMID: 38578389
PMCID: PMC10997719
DOI: 10.1007/s10875-023-01613-5

Abstract

Background: The CDC and ACIP recommend COVID-19 vaccination for patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI). Not much is known about vaccine safety in IEI, and whether vaccination attenuates infection severity in IEI.

Objective: To estimate COVID-19 vaccination safety and examine effect on outcomes in patients with IEI.

Methods: We built a secure registry database in conjunction with the US Immunodeficiency Network to examine vaccination frequency and indicators of safety and effectiveness in IEI patients. The registry opened on January 1, 2022, and closed on August 19, 2022.

Results: Physicians entered data on 1245 patients from 24 countries. The most common diagnoses were antibody deficiencies (63.7%). At least one COVID-19 vaccine was administered to 806 patients (64.7%), and 216 patients received vaccination prior to the development of COVID-19. The most common vaccines administered were mRNA-based (84.0%). Seventeen patients were reported to seek outpatient clinic or emergency room care for a vaccine-related complication, and one patient was hospitalized for symptomatic anemia. Eight hundred twenty-three patients (66.1%) experienced COVID-19 infection. Of these, 156 patients required hospitalization (19.0%), 47 required ICU care (5.7%), and 28 died (3.4%). Rates of hospitalization (9.3% versus 24.4%, p < 0.001), ICU admission (2.8% versus 7.6%, p = 0.013), and death (2.3% versus 4.3%, p = 0.202) in patients who had COVID-19 were lower in patients who received vaccination prior to infection. In adjusted logistic regression analysis, not having at least one COVID-19 vaccine significantly increased the odds of hospitalization and ICU admission.

Conclusion: Vaccination for COVID-19 in the IEI population appears safe and attenuates COVID-19 severity.

Keywords: Immunization; Immunodeficiency; Outcomes; Viruses: respiratory diseases.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Deepti Deshpande is employed by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, spouse employed by Arch Oncology. Elizabeth Ristagno owns stock in Moderna and Pfizer. Kathleen Sullivan is a consultant for the Immune Deficiency Foundation. Rebecca Marsh is an employee of Pharming Healthcare, Inc. Nikita Raje is a speaker and on the medical advisory board for Enzyvant, a consultant for Pfizer, and a speaker for Pharming.

Figures

**Fig. 1**
Patient diagnoses in USIDNET registry, categorized by International Union of Immunologic Societies (IUIS) schema. General IUIS categories further subclassified based on phenotype or genetic defect. Abbreviations: SCID, severe combined immune deficiency; CID, combined immune deficiency; A-T, ataxia-telangiectasia; WAS, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome; CHARGE, coloboma/heart defects/atresia choanae/growth retardation/genital abnormalities/ear abnormalities; NEMO, nuclear factor-kappa B essential modulator deficiency; CVID, common variable immune deficiency; hypogamma, hypogammaglobulinemia; agamma, agammaglobulinemia; Comp. Def., complement deficiency; SAD, specific antibody deficiency; Subclass Def., IgG subclass deficiency; IgA Def., IgA deficiency; HLH/EBV Susc., hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and EBV susceptibility; ALPS, autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome; IPEX, immune dysregulation/polyendocrinopathy/enteropathy/X-linked syndrome; VEO-IBD, very early onset inflammatory bowel disease; CGD, chronic granulomatous disease; MSMD, Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease; Cong. Neut., congenital neutropenia; Marrow Fail., bone marrow failure; Viral Predisp., predisposition to severe viral infection

**Fig. 2**
Hospitalization, ICU admission, and death among the USIDNET registry cohort. Categorization was adapted from International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS) phenotypic classification. Age quartile (years) is based on patient age at time of COVID-19 infection. Three infected patients lacked data on age. COVID-19 risk factors included history of lung disease, immunosuppressive medication use in the 3 months preceding infection, obesity, and renal disease. Additionally, a measure of “other risk factors” was determined, representing a composite of uncommonly observed risk factors in the cohort—neuromuscular disease, tracheostomy, heart disease, sickle cell disease, and diabetes. Any patient with at least one of these uncommonly observed risk factors was counted for this measure. Vaccination was determined as receipt of at least one COVID-19 vaccine prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Sixty-six patients lacked adequate information on timing of vaccination relative to infection and were not included

See this image and copyright information in PMC

Update of

COVID-19 Vaccination In Patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity Reduces Hospitalization and Critical Care Needs Related to COVID-19: A USIDNET Report.
McDonnell JC. McDonnell JC. Res Sq [Preprint]. 2023 Aug 19:rs.3.rs-3194637. doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3194637/v1. Res Sq. 2023. Update in: J Clin Immunol. 2024 Apr 5;44(4):86. doi: 10.1007/s10875-023-01613-5. PMID: 37645807 Free PMC article. Updated. Preprint.

References

1. V’Kovski P, Kratzel A, Steiner S, Stalder H, Thiel V. Coronavirus biology and replication: implications for SARS-CoV-2. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2021;19(3):155–170. doi: 10.1038/s41579-020-00468-6. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Wu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA. 2020;323(13):1239–1242. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.2648. - DOI - PubMed
1. Kompaniyets L, Pennington AF, Goodman AB, Rosenblum HG, Belay B, Ko JY, et al. Underlying medical conditions and severe illness among 540,667 adults hospitalized with COVID-19, March 2020–March 2021. Preventing Chronic Disease. 2021;18. - PMC - PubMed
1. Meyts I, Bucciol G, Quinti I, Neven B, Fischer A, Seoane E, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 in patients with inborn errors of immunity: an international study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2021;147(2):520–531. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.09.010. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Delmonte OM, Castagnoli R, Notarangelo LD. COVID-19 and inborn errors of immunity. Physiology (Bethesda). 2022;37(6):0. - PMC - PubMed

Publication types

Actions

MeSH terms

Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions

Substances

Actions

Grants and funding

R24 AI171055/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources
Medical
- MedlinePlus Health Information

Save citation to file

Email citation

Add to Collections

Add to My Bibliography

Your saved search

Create a file for external citation management software

Your RSS Feed

COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity Reduces Hospitalization and Critical Care Needs Related to COVID-19: a USIDNET Report

Affiliations

COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity Reduces Hospitalization and Critical Care Needs Related to COVID-19: a USIDNET Report

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

Figures

Update of

References

Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Medical