Multicenter Study

. 2024 Oct;52(5):1813-1829.

doi: 10.1007/s15010-024-02226-9. Epub 2024 Apr 8.

Definition of the Post-COVID syndrome using a symptom-based Post-COVID score in a prospective, multi-center, cross-sectoral cohort of the German National Pandemic Cohort Network (NAPKON)

Katharina S Appel^#^{1

2}, Carolin Nürnberger^#^{3

4}, Thomas Bahmer^{5

6}, Christian Förster⁷, Maria Cristina Polidori^{8

9}, Mirjam Kohls³, Tanja Kraus⁷, Nora Hettich-Damm¹⁰, Julia Petersen¹⁰, Sabine Blaschke¹¹, Isabel Bröhl¹², Jana Butzmann¹³, Hiwa Dashti¹⁴, Jürgen Deckert¹⁵, Michael Dreher¹⁶, Karin Fiedler^{17

12}, Carsten Finke¹⁸, Ramsia Geisler^{17

12}, Frank Hanses¹⁹, Sina M Hopff²⁰, Björn-Erik O Jensen²¹, Margarethe Konik²², Kristin Lehnert^{23

24}, Susana M Nunes de Miranda¹², Lazar Mitrov²⁰, Olga Miljukov^{3

4}, Jens-Peter Reese^{3

4}, Gernot Rohde²⁵, Margarete Scherer¹⁷, Kristin Tausche²⁶, Johannes J Tebbe²⁷, Jörg Janne Vehreschild^{17

12

28}, Florian Voit²⁹, Patricia Wagner¹², Martin Weigl³⁰, Christina Lemhöfer³¹; NAPKON Study Group

Collaborators, Affiliations

Collaborators

NAPKON Study Group:
K Alsaad, E Hamelmann, H Heidenreich, C Hornberg, N S A Kulamadayil-Heidenreich, P Maasjosthusmann, A Muna, M Ruwe, C Stellbrink, N Buechner, Y Dashti, C Tessmer, B Laumerich, I Silberbaur, S Bader, M Engelmann, A Fuchs, A Langer, B Maerkl, H Messmann, A Muzalyova, C Roemmele, H Altmann, R Berner, S Dressen, T Koch, D Lindemann, K Seele, P Spieth, N Toepfner, S V Bonin, T Feldt, V Keitel, A Killer, L Knopp, T Luedde, M Lutterbeck, M Paluschinski, J P V Pereira, J Timm, D Kraska, A E Kremer, M Leppkes, J Mang, M F Neurath, H U Prokosch, J Schmid, M Vetter, C Willam, K Wolf, C Arendt, C Bellinghausen, S Cremer, A Groh, A Gruenewaldt, Y Khodamoradi, S Klinsing, M Vehreschild, T Vogl, M Addo, M Almahfoud, A L F Engels, D Jarczak, M Kerinn, S Kluge, R Kobbe, S Petereit, C Schlesner, T Zeller, R Baber, S Bercker, N Krug, S D Mueller, H Wirtz, G Boeckel, J A Meier, T Nowacki, P R Tepasse, R Vollenberg, C Wilms, E Dahl, N Marx, D Mueller-Wieland, J Wipperfuerth, C Brochhausen-Delius, R Burkhardt, M Feustel, O Haag, S Hansch, M Malfertheiner, T Niedermair, P Schuster, S Wallner, S Cleef, A Friedrichs, N Kaeding, M Koerner, C Kujat, M Oberlaender, D Pape, M Plagge, J Rupp, D Schunk, S Cleef, A Friedrichs, N Kaeding, M Koerner, C Kujat, M Oberlaender, D Pape, M Plagge, J Rupp, D Schunk, W Barkey, J Erber, L Fricke, J Lieb, T Michler, L Mueller, J Schneider, C Spinner, C Winter, M Bitzer, S Bunk, S Göpel, H Haeberle, K Kienzle, H Mahrhofer, N Malek, P Rosenberger, C Struemper, F Trauner, S Frantz, A Frey, K Haas, C Haertel, J Herrmann, N Isberner, J Liese, P Meybohm, J Schmidt, P Schulze, F Brinkmann, Y Brueggemann, T Gambichler, K Hellwig, T Luecke, A Reinacher-Schick, W E Schmidt, C Schuette, E Steinmann, C Torres Reyes, A Hafke, G Hermanns, S Y Nussbeck, M Santibanez-Santana, S Zeh, L Brochhagen, S Dolff, C Elsner, A Krawczyk, R J Madel, M Otte, O Witzke, K Becker, M Doerr, M Nauck, N Piasta, C Schaefer, E Schaefer, M Schattschneider, C Scheer, D Stahl, A Arlt, F Griesinger, U Guenther, A Hamprecht, K Juergens, A Kluge, C Meinhardt, K Meinhardt, A Petersmann, R Prenzel, M Brechtel, M Laugwitz, C Lee, G Sauer, N Schulze, K Seibel, M Stecher, M Hagen, J Schneider, S Sikdar, C Weismantel, L Wolf, K Günther, J Haug, F Haug, C Fiessler, P U Heuschmann, L Schmidbauer, S Jiru-Hillmann, T Bahls, W Hoffmann, M Nauck, C Schaefer, M Schattschneider, D Stahl, H Valentin, I Chaplinskaya, S Hanß, D Krefting, C Pape, M Rainers, A Schoneberg, N Weinert, M Kraus, B Lorenz-Depiereux, R Lorbeer, J Schaller, J Fricke, L Krist, M Rönnefarth, S Schmidt, T Bahmer, A Hermes, M Krawczak, W Lieb, S Schreiber, T Tamminga, S Herold, P Heuschmann, R Heyder, W Hoffmann, T Illig, S Schreiber, M Witzenrath

Affiliations

¹ Center for Internal Medicine, Medical Department 2 (Hematology/Oncology and Infectious Diseases), Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. appel@med.uni-frankfurt.de.
² Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany. appel@med.uni-frankfurt.de.
³ Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
⁴ Institute for Medical Data Science, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
⁵ Internal Medicine Department I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
⁶ Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany.
⁷ Institute of General Practice and Interprofessional Care, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
⁸ Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
⁹ CECAD, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
¹⁰ Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
¹¹ Emergency Department, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
¹² Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
¹³ Medical Faculty, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-Von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
¹⁴ Practice for General Medicine Dashti, Eberswalde, Germany.
¹⁵ Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
¹⁶ Department of Pneumology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
¹⁷ Center for Internal Medicine, Medical Department 2 (Hematology/Oncology and Infectious Diseases), Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
¹⁸ Department of Neurology, Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
¹⁹ Emergency Department and Department for Infection Control an Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
²⁰ Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
²¹ Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
²² Department of Infectious Diseases, West German Centre of Infectious Diseases, University Medicine Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
²³ DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
²⁴ Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
²⁵ Department of Respiratory Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Medical Clinic I, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
²⁶ Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
²⁷ Department of Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, Klinikum Lippe, Lippe, Germany.
²⁸ German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
²⁹ Department of Internal Medicine II, School of Medicine, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
³⁰ Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
³¹ Institute of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany.

^# Contributed equally.

PMID: 38587752
PMCID: PMC11499320
DOI: 10.1007/s15010-024-02226-9

Multicenter Study

Definition of the Post-COVID syndrome using a symptom-based Post-COVID score in a prospective, multi-center, cross-sectoral cohort of the German National Pandemic Cohort Network (NAPKON)

Katharina S Appel et al. Infection. 2024 Oct.

. 2024 Oct;52(5):1813-1829.

doi: 10.1007/s15010-024-02226-9. Epub 2024 Apr 8.

Authors

Collaborators

NAPKON Study Group:
K Alsaad, E Hamelmann, H Heidenreich, C Hornberg, N S A Kulamadayil-Heidenreich, P Maasjosthusmann, A Muna, M Ruwe, C Stellbrink, N Buechner, Y Dashti, C Tessmer, B Laumerich, I Silberbaur, S Bader, M Engelmann, A Fuchs, A Langer, B Maerkl, H Messmann, A Muzalyova, C Roemmele, H Altmann, R Berner, S Dressen, T Koch, D Lindemann, K Seele, P Spieth, N Toepfner, S V Bonin, T Feldt, V Keitel, A Killer, L Knopp, T Luedde, M Lutterbeck, M Paluschinski, J P V Pereira, J Timm, D Kraska, A E Kremer, M Leppkes, J Mang, M F Neurath, H U Prokosch, J Schmid, M Vetter, C Willam, K Wolf, C Arendt, C Bellinghausen, S Cremer, A Groh, A Gruenewaldt, Y Khodamoradi, S Klinsing, M Vehreschild, T Vogl, M Addo, M Almahfoud, A L F Engels, D Jarczak, M Kerinn, S Kluge, R Kobbe, S Petereit, C Schlesner, T Zeller, R Baber, S Bercker, N Krug, S D Mueller, H Wirtz, G Boeckel, J A Meier, T Nowacki, P R Tepasse, R Vollenberg, C Wilms, E Dahl, N Marx, D Mueller-Wieland, J Wipperfuerth, C Brochhausen-Delius, R Burkhardt, M Feustel, O Haag, S Hansch, M Malfertheiner, T Niedermair, P Schuster, S Wallner, S Cleef, A Friedrichs, N Kaeding, M Koerner, C Kujat, M Oberlaender, D Pape, M Plagge, J Rupp, D Schunk, S Cleef, A Friedrichs, N Kaeding, M Koerner, C Kujat, M Oberlaender, D Pape, M Plagge, J Rupp, D Schunk, W Barkey, J Erber, L Fricke, J Lieb, T Michler, L Mueller, J Schneider, C Spinner, C Winter, M Bitzer, S Bunk, S Göpel, H Haeberle, K Kienzle, H Mahrhofer, N Malek, P Rosenberger, C Struemper, F Trauner, S Frantz, A Frey, K Haas, C Haertel, J Herrmann, N Isberner, J Liese, P Meybohm, J Schmidt, P Schulze, F Brinkmann, Y Brueggemann, T Gambichler, K Hellwig, T Luecke, A Reinacher-Schick, W E Schmidt, C Schuette, E Steinmann, C Torres Reyes, A Hafke, G Hermanns, S Y Nussbeck, M Santibanez-Santana, S Zeh, L Brochhagen, S Dolff, C Elsner, A Krawczyk, R J Madel, M Otte, O Witzke, K Becker, M Doerr, M Nauck, N Piasta, C Schaefer, E Schaefer, M Schattschneider, C Scheer, D Stahl, A Arlt, F Griesinger, U Guenther, A Hamprecht, K Juergens, A Kluge, C Meinhardt, K Meinhardt, A Petersmann, R Prenzel, M Brechtel, M Laugwitz, C Lee, G Sauer, N Schulze, K Seibel, M Stecher, M Hagen, J Schneider, S Sikdar, C Weismantel, L Wolf, K Günther, J Haug, F Haug, C Fiessler, P U Heuschmann, L Schmidbauer, S Jiru-Hillmann, T Bahls, W Hoffmann, M Nauck, C Schaefer, M Schattschneider, D Stahl, H Valentin, I Chaplinskaya, S Hanß, D Krefting, C Pape, M Rainers, A Schoneberg, N Weinert, M Kraus, B Lorenz-Depiereux, R Lorbeer, J Schaller, J Fricke, L Krist, M Rönnefarth, S Schmidt, T Bahmer, A Hermes, M Krawczak, W Lieb, S Schreiber, T Tamminga, S Herold, P Heuschmann, R Heyder, W Hoffmann, T Illig, S Schreiber, M Witzenrath

Affiliations

¹ Center for Internal Medicine, Medical Department 2 (Hematology/Oncology and Infectious Diseases), Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. appel@med.uni-frankfurt.de.
² Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany. appel@med.uni-frankfurt.de.
³ Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
⁴ Institute for Medical Data Science, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
⁵ Internal Medicine Department I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
⁶ Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany.
⁷ Institute of General Practice and Interprofessional Care, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
⁸ Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
⁹ CECAD, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
¹⁰ Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
¹¹ Emergency Department, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
¹² Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
¹³ Medical Faculty, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-Von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
¹⁴ Practice for General Medicine Dashti, Eberswalde, Germany.
¹⁵ Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
¹⁶ Department of Pneumology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
¹⁷ Center for Internal Medicine, Medical Department 2 (Hematology/Oncology and Infectious Diseases), Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
¹⁸ Department of Neurology, Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
¹⁹ Emergency Department and Department for Infection Control an Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
²⁰ Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
²¹ Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
²² Department of Infectious Diseases, West German Centre of Infectious Diseases, University Medicine Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
²³ DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
²⁴ Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
²⁵ Department of Respiratory Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Medical Clinic I, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
²⁶ Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
²⁷ Department of Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, Klinikum Lippe, Lippe, Germany.
²⁸ German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
²⁹ Department of Internal Medicine II, School of Medicine, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
³⁰ Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
³¹ Institute of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany.

^# Contributed equally.

PMID: 38587752
PMCID: PMC11499320
DOI: 10.1007/s15010-024-02226-9

Abstract

Purpose: The objective examination of the Post-COVID syndrome (PCS) remains difficult due to heterogeneous definitions and clinical phenotypes. The aim of the study was to verify the functionality and correlates of a recently developed PCS score.

Methods: The PCS score was applied to the prospective, multi-center cross-sectoral cohort (in- and outpatients with SARS-CoV-2 infection) of the "National Pandemic Cohort Network (NAPKON, Germany)". Symptom assessment and patient-reported outcome measure questionnaires were analyzed at 3 and 12 months (3/12MFU) after diagnosis. Scores indicative of PCS severity were compared and correlated to demographic and clinical characteristics as well as quality of life (QoL, EQ-5D-5L).

Results: Six hundred three patients (mean 54.0 years, 60.6% male, 82.0% hospitalized) were included. Among those, 35.7% (215) had no and 64.3% (388) had mild, moderate, or severe PCS. PCS severity groups differed considering sex and pre-existing respiratory diseases. 3MFU PCS worsened with clinical severity of acute infection (p = .011), and number of comorbidities (p = .004). PCS severity was associated with poor QoL at the 3MFU and 12MFU (p < .001).

Conclusion: The PCS score correlated with patients' QoL and demonstrated to be instructive for clinical characterization and stratification across health care settings. Further studies should critically address the high prevalence, clinical relevance, and the role of comorbidities.

Trail registration number: The cohort is registered at www.

Clinicaltrials: gov under NCT04768998.

Keywords: Definition; Long-COVID; Multi-center prospective cohort study; Patient reported outcome measures; Post-COVID; Quality of life; Score.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

TB received funding from Network of University Medicine (NUM)/ German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)—COVID-19 related research grants for the conduct of the different NAPKON platforms, including the NAPKON-POP platform that the COVIDOM study is based in. NAPKON support code is 01KX2021.German Center for Lung Research (DZL)—Unrestricted Research Grants for the conduct of research activities related to Asthma and Allergy, AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline (consulting fees), AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, Roche, Chiesi, Boeringer-Ingelheim, Merck, Pfizer (payment or honoraria for lectures), Chiesi, AstraZeneca (support for attending meetings and/or travel), CoVit-2 (NCT04751604) (participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board). MCP received royalties for the publication of two books: the latest edition of ‘Paziente Anziano—Paziente Geriatrico—Medicina della Complessita’, EdiSES 2020 and ‘Ratgeber ` Altern—Es ist nie zu spat’, Elsevier 2021. MCP reveived funding from Consultant memodio, multimodale App für MCI (Mild Cognitive Impairment) (consulting fee), Scientific Board Member: National Guideline on Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (AWMF S3-Guideline) and co-chair of the special interest group CGA of the EuGMS (European Geriatric Medicine Society), Editorial Board Member of Aging Research Reviews und ‘Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift’. JD received funding from University Hospital Wuerzburg (institutionell) (support for the present manuscript and support for travel), German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) (grants or contracts), Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry (Participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board), Network of University Medicine (NUM)/ German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)- Co-Speaker Mental Health Group, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Biologische Psychiatrie (German Society of Biological Psychiatry (DGBP))—President and Treasurer, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik und Nervenheilkunde (German Society of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatic Medicine and Neuropsychiatry (DGPPN))—Section Speaker. MD received funding from Ministerium für Kultur und Wissenschaft des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen (Ministry of Culture and Science of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia)—Contract “Beyond COVID-19 “, Gilead – advisory Bard (consulting fees), Gilead, GSK and Astra Zeneca (payment or honoraria for lectures). CF reveived funding from Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation, Grant numbers FI 2309/1–1 (Heisenberg Program) FI 2309/2–1 and 327654276 (SFB 1315)), German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF Grant numbers 01GM1908D, 01GM2208C, 13GW0566D, 01GM2102, 01EP2201). BEOJ received funding from GSK, Gilead Sciences, ViiV, MSD (consulting fees), GSK, Gilead Sciences, ViiV, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Janssen-Cilag, Fresenius Medical Care and Falk Foundation (payment or honoraria for lectures), Gilead Sciences (support for attending meetings and/or travel. FH received funding from Bavarian State Ministry of Health and Care (Bayrisches Staatsministerium für Gesundheit und Pflege)—Post-COVID outpatient treatment center (contract), Academy for Infectious Medicine, Deutsche Gesellschaft Interdisziplinäre Notfall- und Akutmedizin (DGINA) e.V.and bavarian Landesaerztekammer (payment or honoraria for lectures). BEOJ received funding from GSK, Gilead Sciences, ViiV, MSD (consulting fees), GSK, Gilead Sciences, ViiV, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Janssen-Cilag, Fresenius Medical Care and Falk Foundation (Payment or honoraria for lectures), Gilead Sciences (support for attending meetings and/or travel). JPR received funding from Landesaerztekammer Hessen (payment or honoraria for lectures), German Ministry of Health (BMG) (expert testimony), Grants or contracts from German Ministry of Research and Education (within NUM, CAEHR, RECAP), Bavarian State (ministry for science and the arts—DigiOnko), Federal Joint Committee (G-BA) within the Innovationfond (Peri-OP, StaerkeR), German Center for Lung Research (within PASSION). GR received personal fees from Astra Zeneca, Atriva, Boehringer Ingelheim, GSK, Insmed, MSD, Sanofi, Novartis and Pfizer for consultancy during advisory board meetings, also personal fees from Astra Zeneca, Berlin Chemie, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, Essex Pharma, Grifols, GSK, Insmed, MSD, Roche, Sanofi, Solvay, Takeda, Novartis, Pfizer and Vertex for lectures including service on speakers bureaus. JJV received funding from Merck / MSD, Gilead, Pfizer, Astellas Pharma, Basilea, German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), University Hospital Freiburg/ Congress and Communication, Academy for Infectious Medicine, University Manchester, German Society for Infectious Diseases (DGI), Ärztekammer Nordrhein, University Hospital Aachen, Back Bay Strategies, German Society for Internal Medicine (DGIM), Shionogi, Molecular Health, Netzwerk Universitätsmedizin, Janssen, NordForsk, Biontech, APOGEPHA, German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), Deutsches Zetrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), University of Bristol, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen. FV received funding from Gilead Sciences, MSD, B.Braun Melsungen (grants or contracts), Gilead Sciences (payment or honoraria for lectures), Gilead Sciences and Viiv Healthcare (support for attending meetings and/or travel). MW is board member of German Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Physikalische und Rehabilitative Medizin e.V. (DGPRM), unpaid), Network of University Medicine (NUM)/ German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)—Speaker Physical and Rehabilitation Group (unpaid). CL reveived institutional funding from Federal Joint Committee (G-BA) within the Innovationfond (WATCH, Grant numbers L01NVF22114), Editorial Board. Member of ‘Physikalische Medizin, Rehabilitationsmedizin, Kurortmedizin’, Network of University Medicine (NUM)/ German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)—Speaker Physical and Rehabilitation Group (unpaid), board member of German Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Physikalische und Rehabilitative Medizin e.V. (DGPRM), unpaid). All other authors reported no conflicts of interests.

Figures

**Fig. 1**
Presence of PCS at the 3MFU according to the PCS score by Bahmer et al. [14] with or without Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs)

**Fig. 2**
Changes in the severity of PCS scores between the 3MFU and the 12MFU

See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

1. Lemhöfer C, Best N, Gutenbrunner C, Loudovici-Krug D, Teixido L, Sturm C. Gefühlte und reale Arbeitsfähigkeit von Patient*innen mit Post-COVID Symptomatik nach mildem Akutverlauf: eine Analyse des Rehabilitation Needs Questionnaire (RehabNeQ). Phys Med Rehabil Kurortmed. 2022;32:151–8. 10.1055/a-1674-8044.
1. Malik P, Patel K, Pinto C, Jaiswal R, Tirupathi R, Pillai S, et al. Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL)-A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Med Virol. 2022;94:253–62. 10.1002/jmv.27309. - PMC - PubMed
1. World Health Organization. Post COVID-19 condition (Long COVID). https://www.who.int/europe/news-room/fact-sheets/item/post-covid-19-cond.... Accessed 17 Aug 2023.
1. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) and Royal College of General Practitioners. Guideline COVID-19 rapid guideline: managing the long-term effects of COVID-19 2022.
1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Long COVID or Post-COVID Conditions. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/long-term-effects/index.html. Accessed 16 Oct 2023.

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Definition of the Post-COVID syndrome using a symptom-based Post-COVID score in a prospective, multi-center, cross-sectoral cohort of the German National Pandemic Cohort Network (NAPKON)

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Definition of the Post-COVID syndrome using a symptom-based Post-COVID score in a prospective, multi-center, cross-sectoral cohort of the German National Pandemic Cohort Network (NAPKON)

Authors

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Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

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Medical

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