Congenital Optic Disc Anomalies: Insights from Multimodal Imaging

Abstract

In this comprehensive review, we delve into the significance of multimodal imaging in diagnosing and managing complications of congenital optic disc anomalies. While the fundus examination is the gold standard tool in the diagnosis of these pathologies, spectral domain (SD) optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) could shed light on the pathogenesis and treatment. Moreover, this review seeks to offer a comprehensive insight into the multimodal approach of these rare congenital pathologies. In conclusion, congenital anomalies of the optic nerve represent a major challenge for ophthalmologists. Further research could be useful to clarify the pathophysiology of these diseases and define a correct and more specific treatment approach.

Keywords: morning glory syndrome; optic disc coloboma; optic disc pit; optical coherence tomography; optical coherence tomography angiography.

Figure 1

Colour fundus imaging of optic disc pit (ODP), optic disc coloboma (ODC), and morning glory syndrome (MGS) (from the left to right line).