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. 2024 Apr 9;19(4):e0298405.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298405. eCollection 2024.

Correlation between estimated pulse wave velocity values from two equations in healthy and under cardiovascular risk populations

Marco Av Silva  1   2 , Ana Ps De Oliveira  3 , Ana Cs Queiroz  4 , Amanda O Spaziani  2 , Leticia Ab Fernandes  2 , Kleber A De Oliveira  2 , Valquiria Da S Lopes  2 , Manoel P Landim  2 , Luciana N Cosenso-Martin  2 , Jose F Vilela-Martin  2
Affiliations

Correlation between estimated pulse wave velocity values from two equations in healthy and under cardiovascular risk populations

Marco Av Silva et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Introduction: Equations can calculate pulse wave velocity (ePWV) from blood pressure values (BP) and age. The ePWV predicts cardiovascular events beyond carotid-femoral PWV. We aimed to evaluate the correlation between four different equations to calculate ePWV.

Methods: The ePWV was estimated utilizing mean BP (MBP) from office BP (MBPOBP) or 24-hour ambulatory BP (MBP24-hBP). We separated the whole sample into two groups: individuals with risk factors and healthy individuals. The e-PWV was calculated as follows: [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] We calculated the concordance correlation coefficient (Pc) between e1-PWVOBP vs e2-PWVOBP, e1-PWV24-hBP vs e2-PWV24-hBP, and mean values of e1-PWVOBP, e2-PWVOBP, e1-PWV24-hBP and e2-PWV24-hBP. The multilevel regression model determined how much the ePWVs are influenced by age and MBP values.

Results: We analyzed data from 1541 individuals; 1374 ones with risk factors and 167 healthy ones. The values are presented for the entire sample, for risk-factor patients and for healthy individuals respectively. The correlation between e1-PWVOBP with e2-PWVOBP and e1-PWV24-hBP with e2-PWV24-hBP was almost perfect. The Pc for e1-PWVOBP vs e2-PWVOBP was 0.996 (0.995-0.996), 0.996 (0.995-0.996), and 0.994 (0.992-0.995); furthermore, it was 0.994 (0.993-0.995), 0.994 (0.994-0.995), 0.987 (0.983-0.990) to the e1-PWV24-hBP vs e2-PWV24-hBP. There were no significant differences between mean values (m/s) for e1-PWVOBP vs e2-PWVOBP 8.98±1.9 vs 8.97±1.8; p = 0.88, 9.14±1.8 vs 9.13±1.8; p = 0.88, and 7.57±1.3 vs 7.65±1.3; p = 0.5; mean values are also similar for e1-PWV24-hBP vs e2-PWV24-hBP, 8.36±1.7 vs 8.46±1.6; p = 0.09, 8.50±1.7 vs 8.58±1.7; p = 0.21 and 7.26±1.3 vs 7.39±1.2; p = 0.34. The multiple linear regression showed that age, MBP, and age2 predicted more than 99.5% of all four e-PWV.

Conclusion: Our data presents a nearly perfect correlation between the values of two equations to calculate the estimated PWV, whether utilizing office or ambulatory blood pressure.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Scatter diagram depicting the concordance correlation coefficient between e1-PWVOBP with e2-PWVOBP and e1-PWV24-hBP with e2-PWV24-hBP values.
Pc—concordance correlation coefficient; e1-PWV—estimated pulse wave velocity from Eq 1; e2-PWV—estimated pulse wave velocity from Eq 2; OBP, office blood pressure; 24-hBP, 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure average; CI—confidence interval.
Fig 2
Fig 2. Bland Altman plot of the difference between e1-PWVOBP with e2-PWVOBP and e1-PWV24-hBP with e2-PWV24-hBP values.
e1-PWV—estimated pulse wave velocity from Eq 1; e2-PWV—estimated pulse wave velocity from Eq 2; OBP, office blood pressure; 24-hBP, 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure average; SD—standard deviation.
Fig 3
Fig 3
Scatter diagram exhibiting the concordance correlation coefficient from e1-PWV or e2-PWV values with age (A, B) and MBP (C, D). e1-PWV—estimated pulse wave velocity from Eq 1; e2-PWV—estimated pulse wave velocity from Eq 2; OBP, office blood pressure; 24-hBP, 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure average; MBPOBP, mean blood pressure of office blood pressure; MBP24-hBP, mean blood pressure of twenty four hour ambulatory blood pressure average; r1, Pearson correlation coefficient of e1-PWV with age or MBP; r2, Pearson correlation coefficient of e1-PWV with age or MBP.
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