Fluoride and its Implications on Oral Health: A Review

Abstract

This article aims to review the literature about the history of fluoride, its toxicity, prevalence, prevention, diagnosis, and management in oral healthcare practice. Fluoride is the cornerstone of oral health, playing a pivotal role in oral health. Fluoride can be administered topically or systemically. Topically, it is found in toothpaste, mouth rinses, and professional treatments such as fluoride varnish. These directly shield teeth from decay and strengthen the existing enamel. Systemically, fluoride is ingested through water, foods, or supplements, benefiting tooth development, especially in children. Nevertheless, responsible fluoride use is essential. Overexposure can lead to dental fluorosis, affecting tooth aesthetics. Consulting a dentist for personalized guidance on fluoride usage can help strike the right balance between oral protection and potential side effects, ensuring a radiant and healthy smile for life.

Keywords: Dental health; flouride; fluorosis.

Figure 1

(a) Clinical image of mild fluorosis in a patient in the Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Hospital, (b) Clinical image of severe fluorosis in a patient in the Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Hospital, (c) Indirect porcelain veneering performed in a severe fluorosis case