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Review
. 2024 Feb;17(2):289-302.
doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.289-302. Epub 2024 Feb 7.

Potential zoonotic spillover at the human-animal interface: A mini-review

Ima Fauziah  1 , Herjuno Ari Nugroho  1 , Nova Dilla Yanthi  1 , Rida Tiffarent  1 , Sugiyono Saputra  1
Affiliations
Review

Potential zoonotic spillover at the human-animal interface: A mini-review

Ima Fauziah et al. Vet World. 2024 Feb.

Abstract

Wildlife markets and wet wildlife markets, a type of human-animal interface, are commonly trading centers for wild-caught and captive-exotic animals as well as their products. These markets provide an ideal environment for spillovers of zoonotic and emerging infectious diseases (EIDs). These conditions may raise serious concerns, particularly in relation to wildlife species that frequently interact with humans and domestic animals. EIDs pose a significant risk to humans, ecosystems, and public health, as demonstrated by the current COVID-19 pandemic, and other previous outbreaks, including the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1. Even though it seems appears impossible to eliminate EIDs, we may still be able to minimalize the risks and take several measures to prevent new EIDs originated from animals. The aim of this study was to review several types of human-animal interfaces with a high risk of zoonotic spillover, infectious agents, and animal hosts or reservoirs. Identifying those factors will support the development of interventions and effective disease control in human-animal interface settings.

Keywords: COVID-19; avian influenza; emerging infectious diseases; public health; wildlife market.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Figure-1
Figure-1
The number of cases, culled, and died of poultry and non-poultry caused by highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 since 2005 in Asia, America, Africa, and Europe reported in the OIE-World Animal Health Information System [83].
Figure-2
Figure-2
The discoveries of human coronaviruses and variants of Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 in chronological order [Source: Panel derived from Timeline by BioRender.com (2023), retrieved from https://app.biorender.com/biorender-templates/figures].
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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