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. 2025 Feb;13(2):251-258.
doi: 10.1111/andr.13644. Epub 2024 Apr 10.

Prevalence of infertility and barriers to family building among male physicians

Jasmine S Lin  1 , Justin M Dubin  2 , Jonathan Aguiar  3 , Robert E Brannigan  3 , Joshua A Halpern  3
Affiliations

Prevalence of infertility and barriers to family building among male physicians

Jasmine S Lin et al. Andrology. 2025 Feb.

Abstract

Background: Fertility declines with increasing age and physicians often delay childbearing beyond prime reproductive years for the sake of medical training. However, the risks of infertility in male physicians compared to the general population remain poorly studied.

Objectives: To characterize rates of infertility among male physicians and identify barriers in access to fertility care and family building.

Materials & methods: Between June 2022 and December 2022, male physicians were invited to complete a questionnaire regarding fertility and family building. Surveys were disseminated electronically via social media and professional medical societies using Qualtrics (Provo, UT).

Results: Two hundred thirty-five responses were included in the final analysis. The mean age of respondents was 36.3 ± 7.4 years. Of 151 respondents with children or currently attempting to have children, 66 (43.7%) delayed family building due to their medical training or career. The most influential factors affecting timing of children were lack of flexibility in schedule, lack of time, stress, and financial strain. Forty-three (18.3.%) respondents had seen a doctor for fertility evaluation; an additional 12 (5.1%) said they considered doing so but did not, mostly due to being too busy. Sixty (25.5%) had undergone semen testing in the past. Thirty-one (13.2%) reported a diagnosis of fertility issues in either themselves or their partner. Twenty-seven (11.5%) endorsed either them or their partner having undergone assistive reproductive technologies or other procedures for infertility.

Discussion: A significant proportion of male physicians delayed building their family or seeking fertility evaluation due to their medical career. Around 23.4% of male physicians have either seen or considered seeing a physician for fertility evaluation, suggesting a high prevalence of infertility in this cohort.

Conclusion: Our results indicate a need for interventions to support family building and fertility evaluation and treatment among male physicians.

Keywords: family planning; male infertility; semen analysis.

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