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. 2024 Aug;194(8):e63618.
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63618. Epub 2024 Apr 10.

Ocular manifestations of CHARGE syndrome in a pediatric cohort with genotype/phenotype analysis

Kunal Kanwar  1 , Saffiya Bashey  1 , Brenda L Bohnsack  2   3 , Andy Drackley  3 , Alexander Ing  3 , Safa Rahmani  3 , Hantamalala Ralay Ranaivo  3 , Patrick McMullen  3 , Andrew Skol  3 , Kailee Yap  3 , Valerie Allegretti  3 , Jennifer L Rossen  2   3
Affiliations

Ocular manifestations of CHARGE syndrome in a pediatric cohort with genotype/phenotype analysis

Kunal Kanwar et al. Am J Med Genet A. 2024 Aug.

Abstract

CHARGE syndrome is a rare multi-system condition associated with CHD7 variants. However, ocular manifestations and particularly ophthalmic genotype-phenotype associations, are not well-studied. This study evaluated ocular manifestations and genotype-phenotype associations in pediatric patients with CHARGE syndrome. A retrospective chart review included pediatric patients under 20 years-old with clinical diagnosis of CHARGE syndrome and documented ophthalmic examination. Demographics, genetic testing, and ocular findings were collected. Comprehensive literature review enhanced the genotype-phenotype analysis. Forty-two patients (20 male) underwent eye examination at an average age of 9.45 ± 6.52 years-old. Thirty-nine (93%) had ophthalmic manifestations in at least one eye. Optic nerve/chorioretinal colobomas were most common (38 patients), followed by microphthalmia (13), cataract (6), and iris colobomas (4). Extraocular findings included strabismus (32 patients), nasolacrimal duct obstructions (11, 5 with punctal agenesis), and cranial nerve VII palsy (10). Genotype-phenotype analyses (27 patients) showed variability in ocular phenotypes without association to location or variant types. Splicing (10 patients) and frameshift (10) variants were most prevalent. Patients with CHARGE syndrome may present with a myriad of ophthalmic manifestations. There is limited data regarding genotype-phenotype correlations and additional studies are needed.

Keywords: CHARGE syndrome; CHD7; coloboma.

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References

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