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Review
. 2024 Jun 3;26(6):993-1011.
doi: 10.1093/neuonc/noae032.

Liquid biopsy for improving diagnosis and monitoring of CNS lymphomas: A RANO review

Lakshmi Nayak  1 , Chetan Bettegowda  2 , Florian Scherer  3 , Norbert Galldiks  4 , Manmeet Ahluwalia  5 , Alexander Baraniskin  6 , Louisa von Baumgarten  7   8 , Jacoline E C Bromberg  9 , Andrés J M Ferreri  10 , Christian Grommes  11   12 , Khê Hoang-Xuan  13 , Julia Kühn  14 , James L Rubenstein  15 , Roberta Rudà  16 , Michael Weller  17 , Susan M Chang  18 , Martin J van den Bent  19 , Patrick Y Wen  20 , Riccardo Soffietti  20   21
Affiliations
Review

Liquid biopsy for improving diagnosis and monitoring of CNS lymphomas: A RANO review

Lakshmi Nayak et al. Neuro Oncol. .

Abstract

Background: The utility of liquid biopsies is well documented in several extracranial and intracranial (brain/leptomeningeal metastases, gliomas) tumors.

Methods: The RANO (Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology) group has set up a multidisciplinary Task Force to critically review the role of blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-liquid biopsy in CNS lymphomas, with a main focus on primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSL).

Results: Several clinical applications are suggested: diagnosis of PCNSL in critical settings (elderly or frail patients, deep locations, and steroid responsiveness), definition of minimal residual disease, early indication of tumor response or relapse following treatments, and prediction of outcome.

Conclusions: Thus far, no clinically validated circulating biomarkers for managing both primary and secondary CNS lymphomas exist. There is need of standardization of biofluid collection, choice of analytes, and type of technique to perform the molecular analysis. The various assays should be evaluated through well-organized central testing within clinical trials.

Keywords: CSF biomarkers; MYD88 mutations; circulating tumor DNA; primary CNS lymphomas; secondary CNS lymphomas.

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Conflict of interest statement

N.L.: Consulting for Ono, Brave Bio, Genmab, Ensoma; Advisory Board for Ono, Kite/Gilead; Clinical trial support from Merck, Bristol Meyers Squibb, Astra Zeneca, Kazia, Ono; Grant Support from Leukemia & Lymphoma Society, NCI. C.B.: Consultant for Depuy Synthes, Bionaut Labs, Galectin Therapeutics, Haystack Oncology and Privo Technologies. He is a co-founder of OrisDx and Belay Diagnostics. F.S.: Research funding: Roche Sequencing Solutions, Gilead, Takeda. Honoraria: AstraZeneca. N.G.: Honoraria for lectures from Blue Earth Diagnostics and for advisory board participation from Telix Pharmaceuticals. M.A.: Grants: Seagen; Consultation: Bayer, Novocure, Kiyatec, Insightec, GSK, Xoft, Nuvation, Cellularity, SDP Oncology, Apollomics, Prelude, Janssen, Tocagen, Voyager Therapeutics, Viewray, Caris Lifesciences, Pyramid Biosciences, Varian Medical Systems, Cairn Therapeutics, Anheart Therapeutics, Theraguix, Menarini Ricerche, Sumitomo Pharma Oncology, Autem therapeutics, GT Medical Technologies; Scientific Advisory Board: Cairn Therapeutics, Pyramid Biosciences, Modifi biosciences, Bugworks; Stock shareholder: Mimivax, Cytodyn, MedInnovate Advisors LLC, Trisalus Lifesciences. A.B.: None declared. L.B.: None declared. J.E.C.B.: None declared. A.J.M.F.: Has been the chairman of the PAMINA trial, which supports the use of MYD88L265P and IL-10 as diagnostic markers in PCNSL patients. C.G.: Consultation: Kite, BTG, ONO, Roche. K.H.X.: None declared. J.K.: I do not have any conflicts of interest to report. – Affiliation: Department of Medicine I, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. J.L.R.: I receive research funding from Nurix and from Incyte. R.R.: Grant and honoraria for Advisory Board, Consultation fees and Research grants from UCB, Genenta, Novocure, Servier, Curevac. M.W.: has received research grants from Quercis and Versameb, and honoraria for lectures or advisory board participation or consulting from Bayer, Curevac, Medac, Neurosense, Novartis, Novocure, Orbus, Philogen, Roche and Servier. S.M.C.: Consulting or Advisory Role: AstraZeneca, No other potential conflicts of interest were reported. M.J.V.B.: Honoraria from Genenta, Roche, Astra Zeneca, Servier, Boehringer Ingelheim, Fore Biotherapeutics, Chimerix, Incyte. P.Y.W.: Research Support: Astra Zeneca, Black Diamond, Bristol Meyers Squibb, Celgene, Chimerix, Eli Lily, Erasca, Genentech/Roche, Kazia, MediciNova, Merck, Novartis, Nuvation Bio, Servier, Vascular Biogenics, VBI Vaccines; Advisory Board/Consultant: Astra Zeneca, Black Diamond, Celularity, Chimerix, Day One Bio, Genenta, Glaxo Smith Kline, Insightec, Kintara, Merck, Mundipharma, Novartis, Novocure, Prelude Therapeutics, Sapience, Servier, Sagimet, Vascular Biogenics, VBI Vaccines. R.S.: Honoraria for Lectures from Servier and Advisory Boards from Seagen and Astra Zeneca.

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