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. 2024 Apr 11;19(4):e0300696.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300696. eCollection 2024.

In vitro anti-Helicobacter pylori activity and antivirulence activity of cetylpyridinium chloride

Mingjin Xun  1   2 , Zhong Feng  1   2   3 , Hui Li  1   2 , Meicun Yao  3 , Haibo Wang  1   2 , Ruixia Wei  1 , Junwei Jia  1   2 , Zimao Fan  1   2 , Xiaoyan Shi  1   2 , Zhanzhu Lv  1   2 , Guimin Zhang  1   2
Affiliations

In vitro anti-Helicobacter pylori activity and antivirulence activity of cetylpyridinium chloride

Mingjin Xun et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

The primary treatment method for eradicating Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection involves the use of antibiotic-based therapies. Due to the growing antibiotic resistance of H. pylori, there has been a surge of interest in exploring alternative therapies. Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) is a water-soluble and nonvolatile quaternary ammonium compound with exceptional broad-spectrum antibacterial properties. To date, there is no documented or described specific antibacterial action of CPC against H. pylori. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the in vitro activity of CPC against H. pylori and its potential antibacterial mechanism. CPC exhibited significant in vitro activity against H. pylori, with MICs ranging from 0.16 to 0.62 μg/mL and MBCs ranging from 0.31 to 1.24 μg/mL. CPC could result in morphological and physiological modifications in H. pylori, leading to the suppression of virulence and adherence genes expression, including flaA, flaB, babB, alpA, alpB, ureE, and ureF, and inhibition of urease activity. CPC has demonstrated in vitro activity against H. pylori by inhibiting its growth, inducing damage to the bacterial structure, reducing virulence and adherence factors expression, and inhibiting urease activity.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. In vitro anti-H. pylori activity of CPC.
(A) Inhibiting kinetics curves of CPC on ATCC 43504. (B) Killing kinetics curves of CPC on ATCC 43504.
Fig 2
Fig 2. The SEM images of H. pylori 43504 after various treatments.
Morphological pictures of H. pylori cells on SEM (magnifications of 25.0 kx, 40 kx, and 50.0 kx) of control (A, B, and C) and CPC treatment (D, E, and F) at MIC dose for 12 hours. The membrane damage is highlighted by the red arrows.
Fig 3
Fig 3. RT-qPCR analysis results showed the effects of CPC on the mRNA levels of H. pylori virulence genes.
The bacteria strain was ATCC 43504, and the concentration of CPC was 0.31 μg/mL (MIC). And the incubation time of CPC was 12 h *P < 0.05, vs control group.
Fig 4
Fig 4. The inhibition of urease enzymatic activity induced by CPC.
The concentrations of CPC were 1/2MIC, MIC, and 2MIC, while the concentration range of AHA (positive control) was 40 and 80 μg/mL.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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