Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2024 Mar 28:15:1337161.
doi: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1337161. eCollection 2024.

A comprehensive review of the botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of Murrayae Folium et Cacumen

Yue Qi #  1 , Lin Wang #  2 , Na Wang #  3 , Siyi Wang  4 , Xu Zhu  5 , Tie Zhao  5 , Qinghua Jiang  5
Affiliations
Review

A comprehensive review of the botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of Murrayae Folium et Cacumen

Yue Qi et al. Front Pharmacol. .

Abstract

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Murrayae Folium et Cacumen (MFC) is a plant considered to be a traditional Chinese medicine with culinary value as well. The dry leaves and twigs of Murraya paniculata and M. exotica are used to treat stomach aches, rheumatism, toothaches, swelling, and insect and snake bites. They are also used to prepare spicy chicken dishes. Aim of the review: This review comprehensively summarizes the available information on the botanical characterization, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of MFC. Methods: Relevant scientific literature up to August 2023 was included in the study. Chinese and English studies on MFC were collected from databases, including PubMed, Elsevier, Web of Science, Springer, Science Direct, Wiley, ACS, and CNKI (Chinese). Doctoral and Master's dissertations were also included. Results: In total, 720 compounds have been identified and reported in the literature, including flavonoids, coumarins, alkaloids, sterols, phenylpropenols, organic acids, spirocyclopentenones, and volatile oils. Flavonoids and coumarins are the two most important bioactive compounds responsible for these pharmacological activities. MFC has anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-microbial, anti-diabetic, anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, anti-depressant, potential anti-Alzheimer's disease, chondroprotective, and analgesic properties. The pharmacological effects include interrupting the STAT3/NF-κB/COX-2 and EGFR signaling pathways, downregulating EpCAM expression, inhibiting NF-κB and ERK signals, inhibiting the EP/cAMP/PKA signaling pathway and miR-29a/Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity, and upregulating Foxo3a expression. Conclusion: This review demonstrates that the chemical constituents, pharmacological activities, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of MFC support its use in traditional Chinese botanical medicines. MFC contains a wide range of chemical compounds. Flavonoids and coumarins promote strong pharmacological activity and, are low-toxicity natural phytomedicines that are widely used in medicine, food, ornamentation, and cosmetics, making MFC a promising compound for development and use in the treatment of several medical conditions.

Keywords: Murraya exotica; Murraya paniculata; Murrayae Folium et Cacumen; pharmacology; phytochemistry; toxicology.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
(A) M. paniculata; (B) M. exotica; (C, D) Murrayae Folium et Cacumen.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Chemical structures of flavonoids isolated from Murrayae Folium et Cacumen.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Chemical structures of coumarins isolated from Murrayae Folium et Cacumen.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Chemical structures of alkaloids isolated from Murrayae Folium et Cacumen.
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
Chemical structures of sterols, pehylpropenols and other constituents isolated from Murrayae Folium et Cacumen.
FIGURE 6
FIGURE 6
The pharmacological activity mechanism of Murrayae Folium et Cacumen (MP: Murraya. Paniculata; ME: M. exotica).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Alam F., Mohammadin K., Shafique Z., Amjad S. T., Asad M. H. H. b. (2021). Citrus flavonoids as potential therapeutic agents: a review. Phytother. Res. 36, 1417–1441. 10.1002/ptr.7261 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Arya N., Kaur J., Verma A., Dhanik J., (2017). Chemical composition of leaf essential oil of wild and domestic genotypes of Murraya paniculata L. J. Essent. Bear. Pl. 20, 468–473. 10.1080/0972060x.2017.1312552 - DOI
    1. Aziz S., Sukari M., Rahmani M., Kitajima M., Ahpandi N. (2010). Coumarins from Murraya paniculata rutaceae koumarin daripada Murraya paniculata rutaceae. Malay. J. Anal. Sci. 14, 1–5.
    1. Barik B., Dey A., Chatterjee A. (1983a). Murrayatin, a coumarin from Murraya exotica. Phytochemistry 22, 2273–2275. 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)80160-0 - DOI
    1. Barik B., Dey A., Chatterjee A., Shoolery J. (1983b). Coumarins of Murraya exotica-absolute configuration of auraptenol. Phytochemistry 22, 792–794. 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)86993-9 - DOI