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Review
. 2024 Apr 2;24(7):2264.
doi: 10.3390/s24072264.

Review, Properties, and Synthesis of Single-Switch Non-Isolated DC-DC Converters with a Wide Conversion Range

Fernando Lessa Tofoli  1 , Thaís Martins Jajah Carlos  2 , Aniel Silva Morais  2
Affiliations
Review

Review, Properties, and Synthesis of Single-Switch Non-Isolated DC-DC Converters with a Wide Conversion Range

Fernando Lessa Tofoli et al. Sensors (Basel). .

Abstract

The cascaded connection of power converters extends conversion ranges but requires careful consideration due to high component count and efficiency concerns, as power is processed redundantly. Furthermore, using several active switches that must be turned on simultaneously may introduce significant drive and control complexity. To overcome this limitation, single-switch quadratic DC-DC converters have been proposed in the literature as a prominent choice for various applications, such as light-emitting diode (LED) drivers. Nevertheless, the motivation behind the conception of such topologies, beyond extending the conversion ratio, remains unclear. Another unexplored issue is the possibility of obtaining single-switch versions of cascaded converters consisting of multiple stages. In this context, this work investigates the synthesis of single-switch non-isolated DC-DC converters for achieving high step-down and/or high step-up based on the graft scheme. Key issues such as the voltage gain, additional stresses on the active switches, component count, and behavior of the input current and output stage current are addressed in detail. An in-depth discussion is presented to identify potential advantages and shortcomings of the resulting structures.

Keywords: graft scheme; non-isolated DC-DC converters; quadratic converters; wide conversion range.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Conventional DC-DC buck converter: (a) power stage considering the presence of parasitic elements, (b) resulting voltage gain curves as a function of the duty cycle, and (c) efficiency curves as a function of the duty cycle.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Conventional DC-DC boost converter: (a) power stage considering the presence of parasitic elements, (b) resulting voltage gain curves as a function of the duty cycle, and (c) efficiency curves as a function of the duty cycle.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Conventional DC-DC boost converter: (a) power stage considering the presence of parasitic elements, (b) resulting voltage gain curves as a function of the duty cycle, and (c) efficiency curves as a function of the duty cycle.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Cascaded DC-DC converters with multiple active switches: (a) buck converter, (b) boost converter, and (c) buck–boost converter.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Two-switch cascaded buck–boost/buck converter.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Possible configurations for two active switches connected to a common point: (a) configuration I—source–source connection, (b) configuration II—drain–drain connection, (c) configuration III—source–drain connection, and (d) configuration IV—drain–source connection.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Resulting single-switch configurations for the integration of cascaded converters: (a) configuration I, (b) configuration II, (c) configuration III, and (d) configuration IV.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Single-switch cascaded buck–boost/buck converter: (a) configuration with two additional diodes, (b) topology with a single diode, and (c) resulting modified topology.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Single-switch quadratic buck converter: (a) original topology proposed in [12] and (b) converter modularity.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Single-switch quadratic buck converter: (a) original topology proposed in [12] and (b) converter modularity.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Single-switch quadratic boost converter: (a) original topology proposed in [12] and (b) converter modularity.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Single-switch quadratic buck–boost converter: (a) original topology proposed in [12] and (b) converter modularity.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Single-switch quadratic Ćuk converter.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Single-switch multistage DC-DC topologies: (a) SEPIC converter and (b) Zeta converter.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Single-switch multistage DC-DC topologies: (a) SEPIC converter and (b) Zeta converter.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Voltage gains of single-switch conventional and quadratic non-isolated DC-DC converters operating in CCM as a function of the duty cycle: (a) low step-down, (b) low step-up, (c) low step-up/low step-down, (d) high step-down, (e) high step-up, (f) high step-up/high step-down, (g) high step-up/low step-down, and (h) low step-up/high step-down.
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