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. 2024 Mar 28;13(7):1040.
doi: 10.3390/foods13071040.

Impact of Molecular Weight Variations in Dendrobium officinale Polysaccharides on Antioxidant Activity and Anti-Obesity in Caenorhabditis elegans

Xiao Pang  1 , Heqin Wang  1 , Chunbo Guan  1 , Qiufeng Chen  1 , Xinwen Cui  1 , Xiuqing Zhang  1
Affiliations

Impact of Molecular Weight Variations in Dendrobium officinale Polysaccharides on Antioxidant Activity and Anti-Obesity in Caenorhabditis elegans

Xiao Pang et al. Foods. .

Abstract

This research investigates the impact of Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides (DOP) with different molecular weights on antioxidant effects, lifespan enhancement, and obesity reduction, utilizing both in vitro analyses and the Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) model. Through a series of experiments-ranging from the extraction and modification of polysaccharides, Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), and analysis of composition to the evaluation of antioxidant capabilities, this study thoroughly examines DOP and its derivatives (DOP5, DOP15, DOP25) produced via H2O2-Fe2+ degradation. The results reveal a direct relationship between the molecular weight of polysaccharides and their bioactivity. Notably, DOP5, with its intermediate molecular weight, demonstrated superior antioxidant properties, significantly extended the lifespan, and improved the health of C. elegans. Furthermore, DOP15 appeared to regulate lipid metabolism by affecting crucial lipid metabolism genes, including fat-4, fat-5, fat-6, sbp-1, and acs-2. These findings highlight the potential application of DOP derivatives as natural antioxidants and agents against obesity, contributing to the development of functional foods and dietary supplements.

Keywords: C. elegans; Dendrobium officinale; antioxidant; obesity; structural modification.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
GPC spectra of DOP, DOP5, DOP15, and DOP25.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Composition of DOP, DOP5, DOP15, and DOP25.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Antioxidant activity: DPPH scavenging rate of (a) DOP, DOP5, DOP15, and DOP25; (b) Vc; OH• scavenging rate of (c) DOP, DOP5, DOP15, and DOP25; (d) Vc total antioxidant capacity of (e) DOP, DOP5, DOP15, and DOP25; (f) Vc. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Effect of DOPs on the lifespan of C. elegans.
Figure 5
Figure 5
(a) Effect of D2-G1S-1 and D2-G1S-2 on pharyngeal pumping. (b) Effect of D2-G1S-1 and D2-G1S-2 on body bending frequency. Results were represented as mean ± SEM. Differences compared to the control group were considered significant at p < 0.05 (*) or p < 0.001 (***).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Survival rate of the C. elegans N2 (L4 stage) treated with 50 mmol/L H2O2 on NGM plates with or without DOPs. Results were represented as mean ± SEM. Differences compared to the control group were considered significant at p < 0.001 (***).
Figure 7
Figure 7
Effect of DOPs on SOD (a) and CAT (b) activity on C. elegans. Results are represented as mean ± SEM. Differences compared to the control group were considered significant at p ≤ 0.05 (*) and p < 0.01 (**).
Figure 8
Figure 8
(a) TG content of worms in the model group and treatment group. (b) A representative picture of ORO staining of worms in the model group and treatment group. Differences were considered significant at p < 0.01 (**).
Figure 9
Figure 9
Effect of DOP15 on the lipid metabolism relative gene expression of C. elegans. Differences compared to the control group were considered significant at p ≤ 0.05 (*) and p < 0.01 (**).
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