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. 2024 Mar 28;17(7):1554.
doi: 10.3390/ma17071554.

Influence of Layer Thickness and Shade on the Transmission of Light through Contemporary Resin Composites

Markus Heyder  1 , Stefan Kranz  1 , Julius Beck  1 , Marlene Wettemann  1 , Christoph-Ludwig Hennig  2 , Ulrike Schulze-Späte  3 , Bernd W Sigusch  1 , Markus Reise  1
Affiliations

Influence of Layer Thickness and Shade on the Transmission of Light through Contemporary Resin Composites

Markus Heyder et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

Background: Material-dependent parameters have an important impact on the efficiency of light polymerization. The present in vitro study aimed to investigate the influence of the increment thickness and shade of nano- and nanohybrid resin composites on the transmission of curing light.

Methods: Three contemporary resin composites were evaluated: Tetric EvoCeram® (TEC); Venus Diamond® (VD); and Filtek Supreme XTE® (FS XTE). Light transmission (LT) was recorded in accordance with the sample thickness (0.5 to 2.7 mm) and the shade. Polymerized samples were irradiated for 10 s each using the high-power LED curing light Celalux 2 (1900 mW/cm2). LT was simultaneously recorded using the MARC Patient Simulator (MARC-PS).

Results: LT was strongly influenced by the composite layer thickness. For 0.5 mm-thick samples, a mean power density of 735 mW/cm2 was recorded at the bottom side. For the 2.7 mm samples, a mean power density of 107 mW/cm2 was measured. Only LT was markedly reduced in the case of darker shades. From A1 to A4, LT decreased by 39.3% for FS XTE and 50.8% for TEC. Dentin shades of FS XTE and TEC (A2, A4) showed the lowest LT.

Conclusions: The thickness and shade of resin composite increments strongly influences the transmission of curing light. More precise information about these parameters should be included in the manufacture manual.

Keywords: MARC PS; layer thickness; light transmission; nanocomposite; photopolymerization; shade.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Influence of the layer thickness on the light transmission of Filtek Supreme XTE. Light transmission of the shades A1, A2, A3, and A4 at layer thicknesses of 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, 1.1, 1.3, 1.5, 1.9, 2.3, and 2.7 mm. At layers >1.5 mm, there is significant reduction in light transmission compared to 0.5 mm (p < 0.05).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Influence of the layer thickness on the light transmission of Tetric EvoCeram. Light transmission for the shades A1–A4 and sample thicknesses from 0.5 to 2.7 mm. At layers >1.5 mm, there is significant reduction in light transmission compared to 0.5 mm (p < 0.05).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Influence of the layer thickness on the light transmission of Venus Diamond. Light transmission of the shades A1, A2, A3, and A4 at layer thicknesses of 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, 1.1, 1.3, 1.5, 1.9, 2.3, and 2.7 mm. At layer thicknesses of 1.5 mm or greater, there is a significant reduction in light transmission compared to 0.5 mm (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the shades A1 and A4.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Influence of the composite shade on the light transmission of Filtek Supreme XTE. Light transmission of the universal, dentin, and flowable shades at the layer thickness 1.1 mm (universal shades: A1, A2, A3, A4, B2, B3, C2, and C3; dentin shades: A2 and A4; flowables: A2 and A4). There is a significant reduction in light transmission for the dentin colors A2 and A4. Outliers are shown as circles.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Influence of the composite shade on the light transmission of Tetric EvoCeram. Light transmission of the universal, dentin, and flowable shades at a layer thickness of 1.1 mm (universal colours: A1, A2, A3, A4, B2, B3, C2, and C3; dentin colours: A2 and A4; flowables: A2 and A4). There is a significant reduction of light transmission for the dentin colors A2 and A4. Outliers are shown as circles.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Influence of the composite shade on the light transmission of Venus Diamond. Light transmission of the universal, dentin, and flowable shades at a layer thickness of 1.1 mm (universal shades: A1, A2, A3, A4, B2, B3, C2, and C3; dentin shades OL and OD; flowables: A2 and A4; OL: opaque Light; OD: opaque dark). Outliers are shown as circles.
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