Clinical and Clinico-Pathological Observations of the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate in Dogs Affected by Leishmaniosis and Other Inflammatory Diseases

Abstract

The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) has been used in canine medicine in several disorders, above all, to evaluate levels of inflammation. This study evaluated the ESR in canine leishmaniosis (CanL) and other inflammatory conditions. Three groups of dogs were examined: CanL affected dogs without clinical signs (INFECTED group, #25) or with clinical signs (SICK group, #43) and dogs affected by acute or acute-on-chronic conditions (OTHER DISEASE group, #65). The ESR was compared with acute phase proteins or reactants either positive or negative (leukogram, fibrinogen, iron, unsaturated iron binding capacity, ferritin, haptoglobin, and albumin) and immunological markers (gamma-globulins, IgG, and IgM). The ESR was higher in the SICK group than in the INFECTED group (median 39 vs. 11 mm/h; p < 0.0001), as well as in the OTHER DISEASE than in the INFECTED groups (median 41 vs. 11 mm/h; p < 0.0001). The ESR appeared outside the reference range for all dogs in the SICK and OTHER DISEASE groups and almost with similar values (mm/h; median 39, 95% CI 31-51 vs. 41, 95% CI 12-87; p > 0.05). The extent of changes in ESR can help to establish the severity of CanL and other inflammatory disorders. As a point-of-care test, the ESR can be used to screen dogs for unhealthy conditions, and its values correlate with the severity of any disease, including CanL.

Keywords: dog; erythrocyte sedimentation rate; immune response markers; inflammatory markers; leishmaniosis.

Figure 1

The analytes investigated (ESR, HCT, WBC, Bands, CRP, Fibrinogen, Iron, UIBC, Ferritin, Haptoglobin, Total proteins, Albumin, A/G ratio, SPE gamma, IgG, and IgM) in the INFECTED (a), SICK (b), and OTHER DISEASE (c) groups evidenced with different colors for values lower and higher than RI or within RI and plotted. Legend: the letter after each blood parameter identifies the various group: I, Infected; S, Sick; OD, Other Disease; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; WBC, total leukocyte count; CRP, C-reactive protein; UIBC, unsaturated iron binding capacity; A/G, albumin–globulin ratio; SPE gamma, gamma globulin in serum protein electrophoresis; IgG, immunoglobulin G; IgM, immunoglobulin M.