A Guide to the Use of Vasopressors and Inotropes for Patients in Shock

Abstract

Shock is a life-threatening circulatory failure that results in inadequate tissue perfusion and oxygenation. Vasopressors and inotropes are vasoactive medications that are vital in increasing systemic vascular resistance and cardiac contractility, respectively, in patients presenting with shock. To be well versed in using these agents is an important skill to have in the critical care setting where patients can frequently exhibit symptoms of shock. In this review, we will discuss the pathophysiological mechanisms of shock and evaluate the current evidence behind the management of shock with an emphasis on vasopressors and inotropes.

Keywords: cardiogenic shock; distributive shock; hypovolemic shock; inotropes; neurogenic shock; obstructive shock; septic shock; shock; vasopressors.