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Review
. 2024 Dec;162(2-3):371-384.
doi: 10.1007/s11120-024-01080-y. Epub 2024 Apr 15.

Stimulated X-ray emission spectroscopy

Uwe Bergmann  1
Affiliations
Review

Stimulated X-ray emission spectroscopy

Uwe Bergmann. Photosynth Res. 2024 Dec.

Abstract

We describe an emerging hard X-ray spectroscopy technique, stimulated X-ray emission spectroscopy (S-XES). S-XES has the potential to characterize the electronic structure of 3d transition metal complexes with spectral information currently not reachable and might lead to the development of new ultrafast X-ray sources with properties beyond the state of the art. S-XES has become possible with the emergence of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) that provide intense femtosecond X-ray pulses that can be employed to generate a population inversion of core-hole excited states resulting in stimulated X-ray emission. We describe the instrumentation, the various types of S-XES, the potential applications, the experimental challenges, and the feasibility of applying S-XES to characterize dilute systems, including the Mn4Ca cluster in the oxygen evolving complex of photosystem II.

Keywords: Manganese; Stimulated X-ray emission ּּּ Electronic structure; X-ray free-electron laser; X-ray laser; X-ray spectroscopy.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Conflict of interest: The author declares that there are no competing interests.

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