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Meta-Analysis
. 2024 Apr 15;24(1):412.
doi: 10.1186/s12909-024-05406-1.

Medical, dental, and nursing students' attitudes and knowledge towards artificial intelligence: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Hamidreza Amiri #  1 , Samira Peiravi #  2 , Seyedeh Sara Rezazadeh Shojaee #  3 , Motahareh Rouhparvarzamin  4 , Mohammad Naser Nateghi  5 , Mohammad Hossein Etemadi  6 , Mahdie ShojaeiBaghini  7 , Farhan Musaie  8 , Mohammad Hossein Anvari  9 , Mahsa Asadi Anar  10
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Medical, dental, and nursing students' attitudes and knowledge towards artificial intelligence: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Hamidreza Amiri et al. BMC Med Educ. .

Abstract

Background: Nowadays, Artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the most popular topics that can be integrated into healthcare activities. Currently, AI is used in specialized fields such as radiology, pathology, and ophthalmology. Despite the advantages of AI, the fear of human labor being replaced by this technology makes some students reluctant to choose specific fields. This meta-analysis aims to investigate the knowledge and attitude of medical, dental, and nursing students and experts in this field about AI and its application.

Method: This study was designed based on PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were searched with relevant keywords. After study selection according to inclusion criteria, data of knowledge and attitude were extracted for meta-analysis.

Result: Twenty-two studies included 8491 participants were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled analysis revealed a proportion of 0.44 (95%CI = [0.34, 0.54], P < 0.01, I2 = 98.95%) for knowledge. Moreover, the proportion of attitude was 0.65 (95%CI = [0.55, 0.75], P < 0.01, I2 = 99.47%). The studies did not show any publication bias with a symmetrical funnel plot.

Conclusion: Average levels of knowledge indicate the necessity of including relevant educational programs in the student's academic curriculum. The positive attitude of students promises the acceptance of AI technology. However, dealing with ethics education in AI and the aspects of human-AI cooperation are discussed. Future longitudinal studies could follow students to provide more data to guide how AI can be incorporated into education.

Keywords: AI; Artificial intelligence; Dental students; Medical students; Meta-analysis; Nursing students; Systematic review.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Prisma diagram for study selection process in this study
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Forest plot of proportion of attitude showed a significant effect of 0.44 (0.34, 0.54)
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Forest plot for comparing countries in terms of their students' attitudes toward AI
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Forest plot of proportion of knowledge showed a significant effect of 0.65 (0.55, 0.75)
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Forest plot for comparing countries in terms of their students' knowledge of AI
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Funnel plot of included studies showed a symmetrical pattern including no publication bias (Egger’s test P-value = 0.75)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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