Alpha lipoic acid administration improved both peripheral sensitivity to insulin and liver clearance of insulin reducing potential risk of diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in overweight/obese PCOS patients

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the effects of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) on hormonal and metabolic parameters in a group of overweight/obese Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) patients.

Methods: This was a retrospective study in which thirty-two overweight/obese patients with PCOS (n = 32) not requiring hormonal treatment were selected from the database of the ambulatory clinic of the Gynecological Endocrinology Center at the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy. The hormonal profile, routine exams and insulin and C-peptide response to oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were evaluated before and after 12 weeks of complementary treatment with ALA (400 mg/day). Hepatic Insulin Extraction (HIE) index was also calculated.

Results: ALA administration significantly improved insulin sensitivity and decreased ALT and AST plasma levels in all subjects, though no changes were observed on reproductive hormones. When PCOS patients were subdivided according to the presence or absence of familial diabetes background, the higher effects of ALA were observed in the former group that showed AST and ALT reduction and greater HIE index decrease.

Conclusion: ALA administration improved insulin sensitivity in overweight/obese PCOS patients, especially in those with familial predisposition to diabetes. ALA administration improved both peripheral sensitivity to insulin and liver clearance of insulin. Such effects potentially decrease the risk of nonalcoholic fat liver disease and diabetes in PCOS patients.

Keywords: C-peptide; NAFLD; PCOS; alpha lipoic acid; familial diabetes; insulin resistance.