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. 2024 Apr 6:22:101349.
doi: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101349. eCollection 2024 Jun 30.

Eugenol and Aloe vera blended natural wax-based coating for preserving postharvest quality of Kaji lemon (Citrus jambhiri)

Bhaswati Das  1 , L Susmita Devi  1 , Joydeep Dutta  2 , Santosh Kumar  1
Affiliations

Eugenol and Aloe vera blended natural wax-based coating for preserving postharvest quality of Kaji lemon (Citrus jambhiri)

Bhaswati Das et al. Food Chem X. .

Abstract

Edible coatings on fruits and vegetables preserve postharvest quality by reducing water loss and lowering respiration, and metabolic activities. The primary objectives of this study were to develop composite coating formulations using natural waxes (carnauba and shellac wax), eugenol nanoemulsion, and Aloe vera gel, and assess the potential impacts of the coating formulations on the postharvest quality and shelf-life of the Kaji lemon. The results show that eugenol nanoemulsion and Aloe vera gel enhanced the physico-chemical, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the developed coating. Notably, the fruits coated with optimized nanocomposite of wax with eugenol and aloe vera gel inclusion (SW + CW/EuNE-20/AVG-2) showed the lowest weight loss (16.56%), while the coatings of wax with only aloe vera gel (SW + CW/AVG-2) exhibited the highest firmness (48 N), in contrast to the control fruit, which had 27.33% weight loss and 9.6 N firmness after 28 days of storage, respectively.

Keywords: Carnauba wax; Citrus fruit; Edible coating; Essential oil; Innovative preservation technique; Shelf-life; Shellac wax.

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Conflict of interest statement

Santosh Kumar reports financial support was provided by India Ministry of Science & Technology Department of Biotechnology. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Antifungal assay of EuNEs against fungus (A) S. cerevisiae, and (B) R. stolonifera (in which 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 represent distilled water, EuNE-5, EuNE-10, EuNE-15, EuNE-20, EuNE-30, respectively) [EuNE; Eugenol nanoemulsion with different concentration of Tween 80 i.e., 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30%, (v/v)].
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Antibacterial activity of the developed coating formulation against; (A) B. subtilis, (B) E. aerogenes, (C) E. coli, and (D) S. aureus (in which 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 represent SW + CW, SW + CW/EuNE-20, SW + CW/AVG-2, SW + CW/EuNE-20/AVG-2, AVG-2, respectively) [SW; Shellac wax, CW; Carnauba wax, EuNE-20; Eugenol nanoemulsion with 20% (v/v) Tween 80, and AVG; Aloe vera gel].
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Effects of coating on (A) weight loss, (B) firmness, (C) TSS, (D) TA (E) TSS/TA, and (F) vitamin C contents of the lemon fruit during ambient storage for 28 days [SW; Shellac wax, CW; Carnauba wax, EuNE-20: Eugenol nanoemulsion with 20% (v/v) Tween 80, and AVG; Aloe vera gel].
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Visual appearance of the (A) whole coated lemon, and (B) internal tissue of the cut-lemon during 28 days at ambient storage [SW; Shellac wax, CW; Carnauba wax, EuNE-20: Eugenol nanoemulsion with 20% (v/v) Tween 80, and AVG; Aloe vera gel].
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