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Review
. 2020;7(1):24.
doi: 10.1557/mre.2020.26. Epub 2020 Sep 1.

Within the global circular economy: A special case of Turkey towards energy transition

Selma Erat  1   2 , Azime Telli  3
Affiliations
Review

Within the global circular economy: A special case of Turkey towards energy transition

Selma Erat et al. MRS Energy Sustain. 2020.

Abstract

Circular energy transformation of Turkey is essential to strengthen the national energy security. Turkey will benefit from moving towards a circular economy. Circular economy (CE) has gained much attention due to global warming and climate change which are the most serious issues faced in the world. The United Nations has been struggling with the issues regarding sustainable development by releasing some programs and legislations, which are mostly supported by the EU. The EU's CE including both economy and energy within the scope of low-carbon world is binding for Turkey's energy transition. Among renewables, solar energy preserved the leading capacity expansion with an increase of 98 GW in 2019 in the world. Solar photovoltaic (PV) has become a mainstream energy source among renewables. Since the PV installation has been growing all around the world, several countries especially China, Germany, and the UK pay special attention to a sustainable PV waste management concept. We present the special case of Turkey within the global CE along with the current status of renewable energy in the global energy transformation. Turkey's energy outlook and the EU's targets are reviewed, and the significant role of solar energy in the CE transition process of Turkey has been revealed. We suggested adding a vision of "More Circular" to her new energy policy "More Domestic, More Renewable."

Keywords: economics; energy generation; environmentally protective; photovoltaic; recycling.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
The changing nature of energy and fossil fuel use (Reprinted with permission, © IRENA).
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
The growth of renewable power capacity (2015–2019) (Reprinted with permission, © IRENA).
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
The evolution of renewable energy annual installations (Reprinted with permission, IEA, all rights reserved).
Table 1.
Table 1.
The list of top ten countries for PV installations in 2017.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Turkey's current status of total solar energy capacity and expected values. (The values of 2018 and 2019 are inserted and the graph is updated; Reprinted with permission, Gunder.)
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Turkey's PV capacity in total solar energy (GW) (2008–2018) (Reprinted with permission, IEA, all rights reserved).
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
PV contribution theoretically calculated for several countries in 2019 (Reprinted with permission, IEA, all rights reserved). The values in the figure are in percent (%) of electricity demand.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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    1. World Business Council for Sustainable Development: Climate Action and Policy. Available at: https://www.wbcsd.org/Programs/Climate-and-Energy/Climate/Climate-Action... (accessed May 28, 2020).
    1. Kuznets S.: Economic growth and income inequality. Am. Econ. Rev. 49, 1–28 (1955).
    1. Stern D.I.: The rise and fall of the environmental Kuznets Curve. World Dev. 32(8), 1419–1439, (2004).
    1. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD): World Development Report 1992. Development and the Environment (Oxford University Press, 1992), New York.

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