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. 2021 Feb 5;3(1):41-48.
doi: 10.1097/IM9.0000000000000052. eCollection 2021 Mar.

Impact of Lockdown Measures and Meteorological Parameters on the COVID-19 Incidence and Mortality Rate in Bangladesh

Md Ashik Imran  1 , Imad Uddin Noor  1 , Ajit Ghosh  1
Affiliations

Impact of Lockdown Measures and Meteorological Parameters on the COVID-19 Incidence and Mortality Rate in Bangladesh

Md Ashik Imran et al. Infect Microbes Dis. .

Abstract

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become a public health crisis and a global catastrophe for human societies. In the absence of a vaccine, non-pharmaceutical interventions have been implemented across the world to reduce COVID-19 transmission. Recently, several studies have articulated the influence of meteorological parameters on COVID-19 infections in several countries. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of lockdown measures and meteorological parameters on COVID-19 daily confirmed cases and deaths in Bangladesh. Different parameters, such as case fatality rate, recovery rate, number of polymerase chain reaction tests, and percentages of confirmed cases were calculated for data covering March to September 2020. The meteorological data include daily average temperature, humidity, and wind speed, and their effects on COVID-19 data were analyzed after 0, 3, 7, and 14 days. A linear regression analysis revealed that all the studied meteorological parameters were positively correlated with the daily new cases and deaths in Bangladesh, while the highest correlations were observed for the 14 days incubation period. These results provide useful implications for the healthcare authorities to contain the pandemic in Bangladesh and beyond.

Keywords: Bangladesh; COVID-19; case fatality rate; lockdown; meteorological parameters; non-pharmaceutical intervention.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest: The authors reported no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Bangladesh from March 8th to September 30th, 2020. A: The total number of daily cases were presented for 7 months and divided into three phases: pre-lockdown, lockdown, and lockdown easing phase. B: Regression analysis between the number of daily PCR tests and the number of daily confirmed cases. COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019; PCR: polymerase chain reaction.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Analysis of COVID-19 case fatality rate, daily new cases, recovery rate, and daily PCR tests from April to September 2020 in Bangladesh. The COVID-19 case fatality rate (CFR), percentage of confirmed cases, total daily cases per 1 million and total daily PCR tests per 1 million are presented as line graphs and the COVID-19 recovery rate is presented as bar graphs for April (A), May (B), June (C), July (D), August (E), and September (F). COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019; PCR: polymerase chain reaction.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Trend of daily mean temperature versus daily new cases and deaths due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. The graphs represent scatterplots of daily new COVID-19 cases (A–D) or daily COVID-19 deaths (E–H) versus the daily mean temperature on the day (A and E), 3 days prior (B and F), 7 days prior (C and G) and 14 days prior (D and H). The blue lines represent regression analysis with confidence intervals depicted in shaded dark grey. COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Trend of daily mean humidity versus daily new cases and deaths due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. The graphs represent scatterplots of daily new COVID-19 cases (A–D) or daily COVID-19 deaths (E–H) versus the daily mean humidity on the day (A and E), 3 days prior (B and F), 7 days prior (C and G) and 14 days prior (D and H). The blue lines represent regression analysis with confidence intervals depicted in shaded dark grey. COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Trend of daily mean wind speed versus daily new cases and deaths due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. The graphs represent scatterplots of daily new COVID-19 cases (A–D) or daily COVID-19 deaths (E–H) versus the daily mean wind speed on the day (A and E), 3 days prior (B and F), 7 days prior (C and G) and 14 days prior (D and H). The blue lines represent regression analysis with confidence intervals depicted in shaded dark grey. COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019.
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