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. 2024 Mar 18;16(3):e56388.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.56388. eCollection 2024 Mar.

Iron and Magnesium Co-substituted Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles in Orthodontic Composite: A Preliminary Assessment

Shweta Nagesh  1 , Kirthick Kumaran  2 , Pugazh Mani  1
Affiliations

Iron and Magnesium Co-substituted Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles in Orthodontic Composite: A Preliminary Assessment

Shweta Nagesh et al. Cureus. .

Abstract

Aim The study aims to characterize Fe and Mg co-substituted hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (FeMgHAPn) and assess the antimicrobial properties of FeMgHAPn-incorporated orthodontic composite. Materials and methods FeMgHAPn was synthesized using the sol-gel method, and the prepared nanoparticle powder was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX)) and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis. The FeMgHAPn was incorporated into a commercially available orthodontic composite in two concentrations (40 and 20 μL), and the structure was examined using SEM. The FeMgHAPn-incorporated composite was tested for its antimicrobial efficacy against Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli using the agar-well diffusion method. The zones of inhibition (ZOI) were measured in millimeters (mm). Results The characterization of the FeMgHAPn indicated the successful formation of the nanoparticle without any impurities or byproducts. The high concentration (40 μL) of FeMgHAPn-incorporated orthodontic composite showed the maximum ZOI against all three microbes, followed by the low concentration (20 μL) and the control group. Conclusion The FeMgHAPn-incorporated orthodontic composite showed promising antimicrobial activity against caries-causing S. mutans, S. aureus, and E. coli.

Keywords: antimicrobial; dental; hydroxyapatite nanoparticles; iron; magnesium; orthodontic composite.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy image of the FeMgHAPn powder
FeMgHAPn, Fe and Mg co-substituted hydroxyapaptite nanoparticles
Figure 2
Figure 2. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy image of the FeMgHAPn powder
FeMgHAPn, Fe and Mg co-substituted hydroxyapaptite nanoparticles
Figure 3
Figure 3. (A) Scanning electron microscopic image of the FeMgHAPn powder; (B) scanning electron microscopic image of the FeMgHAPn-incorporated orthodontic composite
FeMgHAPn, Fe and Mg co-substituted hydroxyapaptite nanoparticles
Figure 4
Figure 4. (A) Zones of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus; (B) zones of inhibition against Streptococcus mutans; (C) zones of inhibition against Escherichia coli
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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