Ewing Sarcoma of the Vagina: A Rare Clinical Entity

Abstract

Ewing sarcoma (EwS), a malignancy primarily affecting adolescents and young adults, encompasses various types such as bone, extraskeletal, chest wall, and soft tissue-based tumors, all of which share a common genetic origin. A small portion of them are extraosseous, impacting diverse anatomical sites. Characterized by a specific translocation, this rare cancer rarely involves the vagina, with very few documented cases. This report details the unique case of a middle-aged woman diagnosed with extraosseous vaginal EwS, a rarity in this age group and gender. With no established guidelines, a multidisciplinary approach is crucial, emphasizing the need for further case reporting to enhance understanding and management strategies.

Keywords: chemotherapy failure; ewing sarcoma family of tumors (esft); extraskeletal; gynae oncology; sarcoma soft tissue.

Figure 1. The CT scan and MRI of the pelvis and abdomen

A: Heterogeneous mass measuring 11.6x13.9x11 cm in the pelvic floor without gross invasion of the surrounding structures and no associated lymphadenopathy; B: MRI of the abdomen and pelvis shows a notable shrinkage in the size of the mass to 7.9x7.9x7.1 cm

Figure 2. A representative photomicrograph with H&E staining of the initial mass shows a primitive round blue cell sarcoma with fine powdery chromatin and scant amphophilic to somewhat clear cytoplasm (40x magnification).

H&E: Hematoxylin and eosin

Figure 3. MRI of the brain showing enhancing metastasis along the right cavernous sinus region