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Case Reports
. 2024 Apr 5:12:1351478.
doi: 10.3389/fped.2024.1351478. eCollection 2024.

A case report and literature review on tocilizumab-cured acute necrotizing encephalopathy caused by influenza A virus

YuKun Huang  1 , Bin Zhou  1 , ShaoXian Hong  1 , YaLi Cai  1
Affiliations
Case Reports

A case report and literature review on tocilizumab-cured acute necrotizing encephalopathy caused by influenza A virus

YuKun Huang et al. Front Pediatr. .

Abstract

Introduction: Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy (ANE), is a kind of severe Central Nervous System Disease. The commonest pathogen is the influenza virus. The pathogenesis of ANE is bound up to genetic susceptibility and cytokine storm. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is deemed as the core function in cytokine storm of ANE and that plays a significant role in evaluating the severity of Influenza-Related ANE. Tocilizumab, an IL-6 antagonist, is known to be safe and effective in the treatment of ANE when used early and has an essential role in improving prognosis and preventing disability.

Case report: This case reports a 2 year 10 month old boy who developed ANE after being infected with influenza A virus (H1N1-2019). After treatment with Tocilizumab, the child's consciousness was clear, no convulsions occurred, the movement of limbs was improved, and the lesions of encephalopathy were significantly reduced.

Conclusion: The early use of Tocilizumab is safe and effective for the treatment of ANE caused by influenza virus.

Keywords: Tolizumab; acute necrotizing encephalopathy; children; cytokine storm; influenza A virus; interleukin-6; prognosis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Cerebral CT changes.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Cerebral MRI changes.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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