Manual Dexterity Predictors of Artificial Urinary Sphincter Success

Abstract

Objective: To determine better in-office measures for artificial urinary sphincter outcomes, we investigated the ability of preoperative timed peg-transfer, pinch strength, grip strength, and Disabilities of the Arm Shoulder and Hand Outcome questionnaire in predicting postoperative satisfaction, confidence, and ease of use of artificial urinary sphincter placement for stress urinary incontinence.

Materials and methods: A timed 9-hole peg test, pinch and grip strength assessment, and upper extremity questionnaire were administered during the preoperative visit before sphincter placement. In addition to standard preoperative workup, short-form International Consultation of Incontinence Questionnaire and physician handshake were recorded. Activation occurred 6 weeks after surgery along with assessment of adequacy of pump placement. Three months from surgery a repeat incontinence questionnaire and a survey measuring satisfaction, difficulty of use, and confidence were given. Correlation between preoperative assessment variables and the postoperative questionnaire was assessed.

Results: Thirty-nine patients were included. Average age and body mass index were 68.8 years and 28.8 kg/m², respectively. Prior prostatectomy accounted for 92.3% of patients, and 46.2% had prior pelvic radiation. Postoperatively, 59.0% of patients were very satisfied; 64.1% of patients reported no difficulty of use; 53.8% felt confidence within 1 day; and 66.7% had much better bladder control. Average pad improvement count was 5.3. Pinch test was associated with satisfaction (P = .011) while peg test was associated with confidence (P = .049). Handshake and upper extremity questionnaire were not significant.

Conclusion: The pinch and 9-hole peg transfer tests are cost-effective and easily performed adjuncts that could be used during artificial urinary sphincter evaluation for patients with unclear manual functional status.