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Meta-Analysis
. 2024 Apr 19;87(4):e2021.
doi: 10.5935/0004-2749.2021-0382. eCollection 2024.

Body mass index influences age-related cataracts: an updated meta-analysis and systemic review

Huilin Chen  1   2 , Xiaolei Sun  3   3 , Li Pei  4 , Ting Wang  4   4
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Body mass index influences age-related cataracts: an updated meta-analysis and systemic review

Huilin Chen et al. Arq Bras Oftalmol. .

Abstract
in English, Portuguese

Purpose: Visual impairment and blindness caused by cataracts are major public health problems. Several factors are associated with an increased risk of age-related cataracts, such as age, smoking, alcohol consumption, and ultraviolet radiation. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the association between body mass index and age-related cataracts.

Methods: Studies on weight and age-related cataracts published from January 2011 to July 2020 were reviewed by searching PubMed, Medline, and Web of Science databases. The random-effects and fixed-effects models were used for the meta-analysis, and the results were reported as odd ratios.

Results: A total of nine studies were included in the meta-analysis. No correlation was found between underweight and nuclear cataracts (OR=1.31, 95% CI [-0.50 to 3.12], p=0.156). The results of the random-effects model showed that overweight was significantly associated with age-related cataracts and reduced the risk of age-related cataracts (OR=0.91, 95% CI [0.80-1.02], p<0.0001; I2=62.3%, p<0.0001). Significant correlations were found between overweight and cortical, nuclear, and posterior subcapsular cataracts (OR=0.95, 95% CI [0.66-1.24], p<0.0001; OR=0.92, 95% CI (0.76-1.08), p<0.0001; OR=0.87, 95% CI [0.38-1.02], p<0.0001). Significant correlations were found between obesity and cortical, nuclear, and posterior subcapsular cataracts (OR=1.00, 95% CI [0.82-1.17], p<0.0001; OR=1.07, 95% CI [0.92-1.22], p<0.0001; OR=1.14, 95% CI [0.91-1.37], p<0.0001).

Conclusion: This finding suggested a significant correlation between body mass index and age-related cataracts, with overweight and obesity reducing or increasing the risk of age-related cataracts, respectively.

Objetivo: A deficiência visual e a cegueira causadas pela catarata são um grande problema de saúde pública. Há vários fatores associados a um risco maior de catarata relacionada à idade na população mundial, tais como idade, tabagismo, consumo de álcool e radiação ultravioleta. Esta meta-análise foi realizada para avaliar a associação entre o índice de massa corporal e a catarata relacionada à idade.

Métodos: Foi revisada a literatura sobre catarata relacionada a peso e idade publicada de janeiro de 2011 a julho de 2020, através de buscas nos bancos de dados PubMed, Medline e Web of Science. Na meta-análise, foram utilizados modelos de efeito aleatórios e de efeitos fixos e os resultados foram apresentados como razões de chances (OR).

Resultados: Um total de 9 estudos foi incluído na meta-análise. Não houve correlação entre ausência de sobrepeso e cataratas nucleares (OR=1,31, IC 95%: -0,50-3,12, p=0,156). Os resultados do modelo de efeitos aleatórios mostraram que o excesso de peso estava significativamente associado a uma redução do risco de catarata relacionada à idade (OR=0,91, IC 95%: 0,80-1,02, p<0,0001, I=62,3%, p<0,0001). Houve correlações significativas entre o excesso de peso e cataratas corticais (OR=0,95, IC 95%: 0,66-1,24, p<0,0001), nucleares (OR=0,92, IC 95%: 0,76-1,08, p<0,0001) e subcapsulares posteriores (OR=0,87, IC 95%: 0,38-1,02, p<0,0001) relacionadas à idade. Houve correlações significativas entre obesidade e cataratas corticais (OR=1,00, IC 95%: 0,82-1,17, p<0,0001), nucleares (OR=1,07, IC 95%: 0,92-1,22, p<0,0001) e subcapsulares posteriores (OR=1,14, IC 95%: 0,91-1,37, p<0,0001) relacionadas à idade.

Conclusão: Estes achados sugeriram uma correlação significativa entre o índice de massa corporal e a catarata relacionada à idade, com o excesso de peso e a obesidade reduzindo e aumentando o risco de catarata relacionada à idade, respectivamente.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow diagram of the study selection process.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Forest plot of risk estimates of ARC associated with underweight.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Forest plot of risk estimates of ARC associated with overweight.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Analysis of publication bias about overweight using funnel plot.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Forest plot of risk estimates of ARC associated with obesity.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Analysis of publication bias about obesity using funnel plot.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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