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Review
. 2024 Apr 24;24(1):437.
doi: 10.1186/s12879-024-09316-x.

Disseminated mycobacterium genavense infection with central nervous system involvement in an HIV patient: a case report and literature review

Ali Hassanzadeh  1 , Malihe Hasannezhad  2   3 , Ladan Abbasian  1   4 , Sara Ghaderkhani  1   4 , Fereshteh Ameli  5 , Mehdi Allahdadi  1
Affiliations
Review

Disseminated mycobacterium genavense infection with central nervous system involvement in an HIV patient: a case report and literature review

Ali Hassanzadeh et al. BMC Infect Dis. .

Abstract

Background: Immunodeficient patients, particularly HIV patients, are at risk of opportunistic infections. Nontuberculous mycobacteria can cause severe complications in immunodeficient patients.

Case presentation: We describe a 57-year-old HIV patient, primarily presented with coughs and constitutional symptoms, with a unique Mycobacterium genavense abdominal, pulmonary, and central nervous system infection, accompanied by intracranial masses.

Conclusion: The diagnosis of NTM, including M. genavense, must always be considered by clinicians in immunodeficient patients, especially those with HIV, who have a compromised immune system.

Keywords: Case report; Central nervous system; HIV; Mycobacterium genavense.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests" in this section.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Pulmonary nodule (white arrow) and tree-in-bud pattern (circled area) in the chest CT scan
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Pathology sections of bone marrow biopsy specimen; Low magnification of bone marrow biopsy shows replacement of hematopoietic elements by numerous foamy macrophages (circled area) arranged in sheet (H&E section, x40 & x100). Higher magnification reveals histiocytes (circled area) containing abundant organisms (H&E section x400). Frequent positive acid-fast bacilli (white arrows) were present in foamy macrophages on Ziehl-Nielsen stain (x400)
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
hsp65 gene sequencing
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Brain MRI reveals a right sided mass (white arrowheads) in the corpus callosum with perilesional edema (white arrows) and mass effects on the ventricle, and two lesions (white arrowheads) in the hemispheres of cerebellum accompanied by edema (white arrows). [Left to right: T1 with gadolinium contrast, T2, and FLAIR views]
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Clinical course of the patient (HRZE: anti-TB therapy combination including isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol; TMP-SMX: trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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