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. 2024 May;35(5):1069-1075.
doi: 10.1007/s00192-024-05782-8. Epub 2024 Apr 25.

PD-L1 Expression in Nonbacterial Chronic Cystitis and Bladder Cancer

Inga Kosova  1   2 , Vagan Barsegian  3 , Lyudmila Gundorova  4 , Dmitriy Kolbasov  2
Affiliations

PD-L1 Expression in Nonbacterial Chronic Cystitis and Bladder Cancer

Inga Kosova et al. Int Urogynecol J. 2024 May.

Abstract

Introduction and hypothesis: The objective was to assess PD-L1 expression in nonbacterial chronic cystitis (NCC) and bladder cancer (BC).

Methods: The present study included 20 NCC and 20 BC patients. The degree of inflammation of the bladder wall was assessed on slides stained with H&E. Viral pathogens (herpes simplex virus, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and high-risk HPVs) were detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses of the bladder specimens. Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess the PD-L1 expression in bladder tissue.

Results: Expression of PD-L1 was detected in 40% of NCC patients and 85% of BC patients. Viral pathogens were found in 50% of NCC patients and 60% of BC patients, with EBV being the most common. In NCC patients the immune cell score correlated strongly with the degree of inflammatory infiltration of the bladder wall (r = 0.867, p < 0.001), the presence of lymphoid aggregates in the submucosa (r = 0.804, p < 0.001), koilocytosis (r = 0.620, p = 0.004), and the presence of viral pathogens (r = 0.784, p < 0.001). In BC patients the immune cell score correlated with the degree of inflammatory infiltration of the bladder wall (r = 0.534, p = 0.015) and the presence of viral pathogens (r = 0.626, p = 0.003), but not with the presence of lymphoid aggregates in the submucosa (r = 0.083, p = 0.729), and koilocytosis (r = 0.366, p = 0.112).

Conclusions: Expression of PD-L1 was detected in a cohort of NCC patients, although the PD-L1 positivity rate was lower than that in BC. Our results demonstrate that the degree of PD-L1 expression in bladder tissue is associated with the presence of viral infections and with the degree of inflammatory infiltration of the bladder wall in both NCC and BC.

Keywords: Bladder cancer; Cystitis; Epstein–Barr virus; PD-L1.

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