Review

. 2024 Apr;35(4):e14129.

doi: 10.1111/pai.14129.

Recommendations for asthma monitoring in children: A PeARL document endorsed by APAPARI, EAACI, INTERASMA, REG, and WAO

Nikolaos G Papadopoulos^{1

2}, Adnan Custovic³, Antoine Deschildre⁴, James E Gern⁵, Antonio Nieto Garcia⁶, Michael Miligkos², Wanda Phipatanakul⁷, Gary Wong⁸, Paraskevi Xepapadaki², Ioana Agache⁹, Stefania Arasi¹⁰, Zeinab Awad El-Sayed¹¹, Leonard B Bacharier¹², Matteo Bonini^{13

14}, Fulvio Braido^{15

16

17}, Davide Caimmi^{18

19}, Jose A Castro-Rodriguez²⁰, Zhimin Chen²¹, Michael Clausen²², Timothy Craig^{23

24}, Zuzana Diamant^{25

26}, Francine M Ducharme²⁷, Motohiro Ebisawa²⁸, Philippe Eigenmann²⁹, Wojciech Feleszko³⁰, Vincezo Fierro¹⁰, Alessandro Fiocchi¹⁰, Luis Garcia-Marcos³¹, Anne Goh³², René Maximiliano Gómez³³, Maia Gotua³⁴, Eckard Hamelmann³⁵, Gunilla Hedlin³⁶, Elham M Hossny¹¹, Zhanat Ispayeva³⁷, Daniel J Jackson³⁸, Tuomas Jartti³⁹, Miloš Jeseňák^{40

41}, Omer Kalayci⁴², Alan Kaplan⁴³, Jon R Konradsen⁴⁴, Piotr Kuna⁴⁵, Susanne Lau⁴⁶, Peter Le Souef⁵, Robert F Lemanske⁴⁷, Michael Levin^{48

49}, Mika J Makela⁵⁰, Alexander G Mathioudakis^{1

51}, Oleksandr Mazulov⁵², Mário Morais-Almeida⁵³, Clare Murray¹, Karthik Nagaraju⁵⁴, Zoltan Novak⁵⁵, Ruby Pawankar⁵⁶, Marielle W Pijnenburg⁵⁷, Helena Pite^{58

59}, Paulo M Pitrez⁶⁰, Petr Pohunek⁶¹, David Price^{62

63}, Alfred Priftanji⁶⁴, Valeria Ramiconi⁶⁵, Daniela Rivero Yeverino⁶⁶, Graham Roberts⁶⁷, Aziz Sheikh⁶⁸, Kun-Ling Shen⁶⁹, Zsolt Szepfalusi⁷⁰, Ioanna Tsiligianni⁷¹, Mirjana Turkalj⁷², Steve Turner⁷³, Tetiana Umanets^{74

75}, Arunas Valiulis⁷⁶, Susanne Vijveberg⁷⁷, Jiu-Yao Wang⁷⁸, Tonya Winders⁷⁹, Dong Keon Yon⁸⁰, Osman M Yusuf⁸¹, Heather J Zar⁸²; WAO Pediatric Asthma Committee

Collaborators, Affiliations

Collaborators

WAO Pediatric Asthma Committee:
Yuichi Adachi, Eleni Anastasiou, Zeinab Awad El-Sayed, Héctor Badellino, Rasha H El-Owaidy, Ivana Filipovic, Nikolaos Papadopoulos, Paulo Pitrez, César Pozo Beltrán, Cristina Rivas, Alvaro Teijeiro, Su-Boon Yong

Affiliations

¹ Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
² Allergy Department, 2nd Paediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
³ Department of Pediatrics, Imperial College London, London, UK.
⁴ Univ. Lille, Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy Department, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU Lille, Lille cedex, France.
⁵ Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
⁶ Pediatric Pulmonology & Allergy Unit Children's Hospital la Fe, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
⁷ Children's Hospital Boston, Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
⁸ Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong.
⁹ Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Transylvania University, Brasov, Romania.
¹⁰ Allergy Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
¹¹ Pediatric Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, Children's Hospital, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
¹² Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Monroe Carell Jr Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
¹³ Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
¹⁴ National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, UK.
¹⁵ University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
¹⁶ Respiratory Diseases and Allergy Department, Research Institute and Teaching Hospital San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
¹⁷ Interasma - Global Asthma Association (GAA).
¹⁸ Allergy Unit, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
¹⁹ IDESP, UA11 INSERM-Universitè de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
²⁰ Department of Pediatrics Pulmonology, School of Medicine, Pontifical Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
²¹ Pulmonology Department, Children's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
²² Children's Hospital, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.
²³ Department of Allergy and Immunology, Penn State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.
²⁴ Vinmec International Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam.
²⁵ Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center of Groningen and QPS-NL, Groningen, The Netherlands.
²⁶ Department of Pediatrics and of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
²⁷ National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
²⁸ Department of Women-Children-Teenagers, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
²⁹ Department of Pediatric Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, The Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
³⁰ Pediatric Respiratory and Allergy Units, "Virgen de la Arrixaca" Children's University Clinical Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
³¹ Department of Pediatrics, Respiratory Medicine Service, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore City, Singapore.
³² Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Salta, Salta, Argentina.
³³ Center of Allergy and Immunology, Tbilisi, Georgia.
³⁴ Children's Center Bethel, Evangelical Hospital Bethel, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany.
³⁵ Paediatric Allergy, Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
³⁶ Department of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
³⁷ Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
³⁸ Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
³⁹ Department of Pediatrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Center for Vaccination in Special Situations, University Hospital in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia.
⁴⁰ Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Center for Vaccination in Special Situations, University Hospital in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia.
⁴¹ Pediatric Allergy and Asthma Unit, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
⁴² Chair Family Physician Airways Group of Canada, Ontario, Canada.
⁴³ Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
⁴⁴ Department of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
⁴⁵ Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Pediatric Respiratpry Medicine, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
⁴⁶ School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
⁴⁷ Division of Paediatric Allergy, Department of Paediatrics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
⁴⁸ inVIVO Planetary Health Group of the Worldwide Universities Network.
⁴⁹ Department of Allergy, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
⁵⁰ North West Lung Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
⁵¹ First Pediatric Department of Pediatrics, National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsia Children's Regional Hospital, Vinnytsia Oblast, Ukraine.
⁵² Allergy Center, CUF Descobertas Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal.
⁵³ VN Allergy & Asthma Research Centre, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.
⁵⁴ Pediatric Department, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
⁵⁵ Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
⁵⁶ Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Centre - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
⁵⁷ Allergy Center, CUF Descobertas Hospital and CUF Tejo HospitalInfante Santo Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal.
⁵⁸ NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
⁵⁹ Pulmonary Division, Hospital Santa Casa de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
⁶⁰ Pediatric Pulmonology, Pediatric Department, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
⁶¹ University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.
⁶² Division of Applied Health Sciences, Centre of Academic Primary Care, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
⁶³ Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore City, Singapore.
⁶⁴ Department of Allergy, Mother Theresa School of Medicine, University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania.
⁶⁵ The European Federation of Allergy and Airways Diseases Patients' Associations (EFA), Brussels, Belgium.
⁶⁶ Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Hospital Universitario de Puebla, Puebla, México.
⁶⁷ Paediatric Allergy and Respiratory Medicine within Medicine at the University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
⁶⁸ Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
⁶⁹ Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China.
⁷⁰ Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Endocrinologyneumology, Department of Pediatrics and Juvenile Medicine, Comprehensive Center Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
⁷¹ Health Planning Unit, Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Crete, Greece.
⁷² Srebrnjak Children's Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia.
⁷³ Medical School of Catholic University of Croatia, Zagreb, Croatia.
⁷⁴ Child Health, Royal Aberdeen Children's Hospital and University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
⁷⁵ Department of Respiratory Diseases and Respiratory Allergy in Children, SI "Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology named after Academician O. Lukjanova of NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine.
⁷⁶ Clinic of Children's Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty of Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
⁷⁷ Department of Paediatric Pulmonology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
⁷⁸ China Medical University Children's Hospital Taichung, Taichung, Taiwan.
⁷⁹ Allergy and Asthma Network, Vienna, Virginia, USA.
⁸⁰ Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
⁸¹ The Allergy & Asthma Institute, Islamabad, Pakistan.
⁸² Department of Pediatrics & Child Health, Director MRC Unit on Child & Adolescent Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.

PMID: 38664926
DOI: 10.1111/pai.14129

Review

Recommendations for asthma monitoring in children: A PeARL document endorsed by APAPARI, EAACI, INTERASMA, REG, and WAO

Nikolaos G Papadopoulos et al. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2024 Apr.

. 2024 Apr;35(4):e14129.

doi: 10.1111/pai.14129.

Authors

Collaborators

WAO Pediatric Asthma Committee:
Yuichi Adachi, Eleni Anastasiou, Zeinab Awad El-Sayed, Héctor Badellino, Rasha H El-Owaidy, Ivana Filipovic, Nikolaos Papadopoulos, Paulo Pitrez, César Pozo Beltrán, Cristina Rivas, Alvaro Teijeiro, Su-Boon Yong

Affiliations

¹ Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
² Allergy Department, 2nd Paediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
³ Department of Pediatrics, Imperial College London, London, UK.
⁴ Univ. Lille, Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy Department, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU Lille, Lille cedex, France.
⁵ Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
⁶ Pediatric Pulmonology & Allergy Unit Children's Hospital la Fe, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
⁷ Children's Hospital Boston, Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
⁸ Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong.
⁹ Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Transylvania University, Brasov, Romania.
¹⁰ Allergy Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
¹¹ Pediatric Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, Children's Hospital, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
¹² Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Monroe Carell Jr Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
¹³ Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
¹⁴ National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, UK.
¹⁵ University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
¹⁶ Respiratory Diseases and Allergy Department, Research Institute and Teaching Hospital San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
¹⁷ Interasma - Global Asthma Association (GAA).
¹⁸ Allergy Unit, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
¹⁹ IDESP, UA11 INSERM-Universitè de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
²⁰ Department of Pediatrics Pulmonology, School of Medicine, Pontifical Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
²¹ Pulmonology Department, Children's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
²² Children's Hospital, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.
²³ Department of Allergy and Immunology, Penn State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.
²⁴ Vinmec International Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam.
²⁵ Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center of Groningen and QPS-NL, Groningen, The Netherlands.
²⁶ Department of Pediatrics and of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
²⁷ National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
²⁸ Department of Women-Children-Teenagers, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
²⁹ Department of Pediatric Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, The Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
³⁰ Pediatric Respiratory and Allergy Units, "Virgen de la Arrixaca" Children's University Clinical Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
³¹ Department of Pediatrics, Respiratory Medicine Service, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore City, Singapore.
³² Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Salta, Salta, Argentina.
³³ Center of Allergy and Immunology, Tbilisi, Georgia.
³⁴ Children's Center Bethel, Evangelical Hospital Bethel, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany.
³⁵ Paediatric Allergy, Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
³⁶ Department of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
³⁷ Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
³⁸ Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
³⁹ Department of Pediatrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Center for Vaccination in Special Situations, University Hospital in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia.
⁴⁰ Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Center for Vaccination in Special Situations, University Hospital in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia.
⁴¹ Pediatric Allergy and Asthma Unit, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
⁴² Chair Family Physician Airways Group of Canada, Ontario, Canada.
⁴³ Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
⁴⁴ Department of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
⁴⁵ Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Pediatric Respiratpry Medicine, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
⁴⁶ School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
⁴⁷ Division of Paediatric Allergy, Department of Paediatrics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
⁴⁸ inVIVO Planetary Health Group of the Worldwide Universities Network.
⁴⁹ Department of Allergy, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
⁵⁰ North West Lung Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
⁵¹ First Pediatric Department of Pediatrics, National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsia Children's Regional Hospital, Vinnytsia Oblast, Ukraine.
⁵² Allergy Center, CUF Descobertas Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal.
⁵³ VN Allergy & Asthma Research Centre, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.
⁵⁴ Pediatric Department, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
⁵⁵ Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
⁵⁶ Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Centre - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
⁵⁷ Allergy Center, CUF Descobertas Hospital and CUF Tejo HospitalInfante Santo Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal.
⁵⁸ NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
⁵⁹ Pulmonary Division, Hospital Santa Casa de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
⁶⁰ Pediatric Pulmonology, Pediatric Department, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
⁶¹ University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.
⁶² Division of Applied Health Sciences, Centre of Academic Primary Care, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
⁶³ Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore City, Singapore.
⁶⁴ Department of Allergy, Mother Theresa School of Medicine, University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania.
⁶⁵ The European Federation of Allergy and Airways Diseases Patients' Associations (EFA), Brussels, Belgium.
⁶⁶ Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Hospital Universitario de Puebla, Puebla, México.
⁶⁷ Paediatric Allergy and Respiratory Medicine within Medicine at the University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
⁶⁸ Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
⁶⁹ Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China.
⁷⁰ Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Endocrinologyneumology, Department of Pediatrics and Juvenile Medicine, Comprehensive Center Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
⁷¹ Health Planning Unit, Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Crete, Greece.
⁷² Srebrnjak Children's Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia.
⁷³ Medical School of Catholic University of Croatia, Zagreb, Croatia.
⁷⁴ Child Health, Royal Aberdeen Children's Hospital and University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
⁷⁵ Department of Respiratory Diseases and Respiratory Allergy in Children, SI "Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology named after Academician O. Lukjanova of NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine.
⁷⁶ Clinic of Children's Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty of Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
⁷⁷ Department of Paediatric Pulmonology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
⁷⁸ China Medical University Children's Hospital Taichung, Taichung, Taiwan.
⁷⁹ Allergy and Asthma Network, Vienna, Virginia, USA.
⁸⁰ Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
⁸¹ The Allergy & Asthma Institute, Islamabad, Pakistan.
⁸² Department of Pediatrics & Child Health, Director MRC Unit on Child & Adolescent Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.

PMID: 38664926
DOI: 10.1111/pai.14129

Erratum in

Correction to Recommendations for asthma monitoring in children: A PeARL document endorsed by APAPARI, EAACI, INTERASMA, REG, and WAO.
[No authors listed] [No authors listed] Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2024 Dec;35(12):e70005. doi: 10.1111/pai.70005. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2024. PMID: 39620929 No abstract available.

Abstract

Monitoring is a major component of asthma management in children. Regular monitoring allows for diagnosis confirmation, treatment optimization, and natural history review. Numerous factors that may affect disease activity and patient well-being need to be monitored: response and adherence to treatment, disease control, disease progression, comorbidities, quality of life, medication side-effects, allergen and irritant exposures, diet and more. However, the prioritization of such factors and the selection of relevant assessment tools is an unmet need. Furthermore, rapidly developing technologies promise new opportunities for closer, or even "real-time," monitoring between visits. Following an approach that included needs assessment, evidence appraisal, and Delphi consensus, the PeARL Think Tank, in collaboration with major international professional and patient organizations, has developed a set of 24 recommendations on pediatric asthma monitoring, to support healthcare professionals in decision-making and care pathway design.

Keywords: asthma management; biomarkers; childhood; consensus; diagnosis; guidelines; therapy.

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References

REFERENCES

1. García‐Marcos L, Asher M, Pearce N, et al. The burden of asthma, hay fever and eczema in children in 25 countries: GAN phase I study. Eur Respir J. 2022;60(3):2102866.
1. Asher M, Rutter C, Bissell K, et al. Worldwide trends in the burden of asthma symptoms in school‐aged children: global asthma network phase I cross‐sectional study. Lancet (London, England). 2021;398(10311):1569‐1580.
1. Szefler S, Zeiger R, Haselkorn T, et al. Economic burden of impairment in children with severe or difficult‐to‐treat asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2011;107(2):110‐9.e1.
1. Fleming M, Fitton C, Steiner M, et al. Educational and health outcomes of children treated for asthma: Scotland‐wide record linkage study of 683 716 children. Eur Respir J. 2019;54(3):1802309.
1. Serebrisky D, Wiznia A. Pediatric Asthma: A Global Epidemic. Ann Glob Health. 2019;85(1):6.

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Recommendations for asthma monitoring in children: A PeARL document endorsed by APAPARI, EAACI, INTERASMA, REG, and WAO

Collaborators

Affiliations

Recommendations for asthma monitoring in children: A PeARL document endorsed by APAPARI, EAACI, INTERASMA, REG, and WAO

Authors

Collaborators

Affiliations

Erratum in

Abstract

References

REFERENCES

Publication types

MeSH terms

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Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Medical