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. 2024 Apr 7;15(4):251.
doi: 10.3390/insects15040251.

Antennal Transcriptome Evaluation and Analysis for Odorant-Binding Proteins, Chemosensory Proteins, and Suitable Reference Genes in the Leaf Beetle Pest Diorhabda rybakowi Weise (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Bo-Xin Xi  1 , Xiao-Ning Cui  2 , Su-Qin Shang  1 , Guang-Wei Li  3 , Youssef Dewer  4 , Chang-Ning Li  2 , Gui-Xin Hu  2 , Yan Wang  1
Affiliations

Antennal Transcriptome Evaluation and Analysis for Odorant-Binding Proteins, Chemosensory Proteins, and Suitable Reference Genes in the Leaf Beetle Pest Diorhabda rybakowi Weise (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Bo-Xin Xi et al. Insects. .

Abstract

Diorhabda rybakowi Weise is one of the dominant pests feeding on Nitraria spp., a pioneer plant used for windbreaking and sand fixation purposes, and poses a threat to local livestock and ecosystems. To clarify the key olfactory genes of D. rybakowi and provide a theoretical basis for attractant and repellent development, the optimal reference genes under two different conditions (tissue and sex) were identified, and the bioinformatics and characterization of the tissue expression profiles of two categories of soluble olfactory proteins (OBPs and CSPs) were investigated. The results showed that the best reference genes were RPL13a and RPS18 for comparison among tissues, and RPL19 and RPS18 for comparison between sexes. Strong expressions of DrybOBP3, DrybOBP6, DrybOBP7, DrybOBP10, DrybOBP11, DrybCSP2, and DrybCSP5 were found in antennae, the most important olfactory organ for D. rybakowi. These findings not only provide a basis for further in-depth research on the olfactory molecular mechanisms of host-specialized pests but also provide a theoretical basis for the future development of new chemical attractants or repellents using volatiles to control D. rybakowi.

Keywords: Diorhabda rybakowi; RT-qPCR analysis; antennal transcriptome; chemosensory proteins; odorant-binding proteins; reference genes.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that this research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as potential conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Phylogenetic tree of DrybOBPs with other Coleopteran OBPs. The red circles and red font mark candidate DrybOBPs. Green, orange, and blue represent minus-C OBP, classic OBP, and plus-C OBP genes, respectively. Phylogenetic tree composition information is shown in File S1.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Phylogenetic tree of DrybCSPs with other coleopteran CSPs. The red circles and red font mark candidate DrybCSPs. Representation of the main same species in different color fonts. Phylogenetic tree composition information is shown in File S2.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Expression profiles of ten candidate reference genes in four experimental conditions. Each box shows the range of Ct values for each candidate reference gene of D. rybakowi under different conditions ((A): tissue and (B): sex).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Average expression stability values (M) of candidate reference genes for comparisons of (A) different tissues and (B) different sexes obtained in the GeNorm software. M value represented the stability of ten candidate reference genes.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Pairwise variation (V) of candidate reference genes of D. rybakowi under two experimental conditions by GeNorm software. The red dotted line represents the critical value of Vn/Vn+1.
Figure 6
Figure 6
The expression levels of DrybOBPs and DrybCSPs in different tissues of D. rybakowi adult. An: antennae; He: heads; Th: thoraxes; Ab: abdomens; Le: legs; Wi: wings. * indicates significant difference of DrybOBPs and DrybCSPs between female and male adult (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01); Different upper and lower case letters indicate significant differences of DrybOBPs and DrybCSPs in different adult tissues for same sexes; ns indicate no significant difference.
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