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. 2024 Apr 12;10(4):286.
doi: 10.3390/jof10040286.

Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi of the Rhizosphere of Lycium barbarum L. from Four Main Producing Areas in Northwest China and Their Effect on Plant Growth

Yuyao Cheng  1 , Kaili Chen  1 , Dalun He  1 , Yaling He  2 , Yonghui Lei  3 , Yanfei Sun  1
Affiliations

Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi of the Rhizosphere of Lycium barbarum L. from Four Main Producing Areas in Northwest China and Their Effect on Plant Growth

Yuyao Cheng et al. J Fungi (Basel). .

Abstract

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can help plants absorb more mineral nutrients after they colonize plant roots, and the mycelia harmonize the soil structure and physical and chemical properties by secreting compounds. AMF species co-evolve with their habitat's geographic conditions and hosts; this gradually causes differences in the AMF species. By using Melzer's reagent to analyze the morphology and using Illumina Miseq sequencing technology to perform the molecular identification of AMF communities among the four typical L. barbarum planting areas (Zhongning, Guyuan, Jinghe, and Dulan) investigated, the variety of L. barbarum roots and rhizosphere AMF communities was greater in the Zhongning area, and every region additionally had endemic species. The successfully amplified AMF was re-applied to the L. barbarum seedlings. We found that the total dry weight and accumulation of potassium increased significantly (p < 0.05), and the root volume and number of root branches were significantly higher in the plants that were inoculated with Paraglomus VTX00375 in the pot experiment, indicating that AMF improves root development and promotes plant growth. We have investigated AMF germplasm species in four regions, and we are committed to the development of native AMF resources. The multiplication and application of AMF will be conducive to realizing the potential role of biology in the maintenance of agroecology.

Keywords: diversity identification; enabling benefits; fungi; growth promotion.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic diagram of the primer region.
Figure 2
Figure 2
AMF OTU differences in the roots of L. barbarum (goji berry) from four regions. (a) represents the dilution curves of the root samples from the four regions; (b) is the AMF Venn diagram based on operational classification units (OTU). The abbreviations of each county in the figure are Zhongning (ZN), Guyuan (GY), Jinghe (JH), and Dulan (DL), which are the same as shown below. AMF, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Staining results of different structures were observed for four regions of goji berry (L. barbarum) root segments. (a–c) show different magnifications, respectively. H shows AMF hyphae; A shows a typical AMF infestation of AMF produced after the Arum-type structure. AMF, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Differences in the diversity of AMF samples of goji berry (L. barbarum) roots from four regions. (a) shows a principal component analysis (PCA) based on Bray–Curtis distances that shows the differences in AMF communities in different samples; (b) shows the statistical species abundance of each sample at the species level in a heatmap. AMF, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Approximate maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree. Phylogenetic tree of the OTU levels of AMF from four different habitats. The left side of this figure represents the top 20 species that were the most abundant in terms of proximity, and the right side represents the number of reads corresponding to each species in the four regions. AMF, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; DL, Dulan; GY, Guyuan; JH, Jinghe; ZN, Zhongning.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Identification of colonization by L. barbarum seedlings. (a,b) show trypan blue staining, and (c) shows alkaline magenta staining. H: hyphae, V: vesicle.
Figure 7
Figure 7
The effect of inoculation with AMF on the biomass of L. barbarum. The inoculated Glomus Chen14 DL-Glo31 is abbreviated as Glo, Paraglomus sp. VTX00375 is abbreviated as Par, and the mixture of the two is Glo×Par; CK is the control. p < 0.05. (a–c) represent the determination of the root ecological parameters index. Root tip length interval (cm), 0.5 < T ≤ 1.0. Root volume interval (cm3): 0 < V ≤ 0.5, 0.5 < V ≤ 1.0, 1.0 < V ≤ 1.5. Root length interval (cm), 0.5 < L ≤ 1.0. (d) represents the uptake of massive elements by the aboveground parts of the seedlings after AMF inoculation. (e,f) represent dry weight and fresh weight, respectively. RDW, root dry weight, SDW, shoot dry weight, TDW, total dry weight, RFW, root fresh weight, SFW, shoot fresh weight, TFW, total fresh weight.
Figure 7
Figure 7
The effect of inoculation with AMF on the biomass of L. barbarum. The inoculated Glomus Chen14 DL-Glo31 is abbreviated as Glo, Paraglomus sp. VTX00375 is abbreviated as Par, and the mixture of the two is Glo×Par; CK is the control. p < 0.05. (a–c) represent the determination of the root ecological parameters index. Root tip length interval (cm), 0.5 < T ≤ 1.0. Root volume interval (cm3): 0 < V ≤ 0.5, 0.5 < V ≤ 1.0, 1.0 < V ≤ 1.5. Root length interval (cm), 0.5 < L ≤ 1.0. (d) represents the uptake of massive elements by the aboveground parts of the seedlings after AMF inoculation. (e,f) represent dry weight and fresh weight, respectively. RDW, root dry weight, SDW, shoot dry weight, TDW, total dry weight, RFW, root fresh weight, SFW, shoot fresh weight, TFW, total fresh weight.
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