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Review
. 2024 Mar 25;14(4):186.
doi: 10.3390/metabo14040186.

Metformin and the Liver: Unlocking the Full Therapeutic Potential

Federica Perazza  1 , Laura Leoni  1 , Santo Colosimo  2 , Alessandra Musio  3 , Giulia Bocedi  4 , Michela D'Avino  5 , Giulio Agnelli  1 , Alba Nicastri  1 , Chiara Rossetti  1 , Federica Sacilotto  1 , Giulio Marchesini  1 , Maria Letizia Petroni  1 , Federico Ravaioli  1   6
Affiliations
Review

Metformin and the Liver: Unlocking the Full Therapeutic Potential

Federica Perazza et al. Metabolites. .

Abstract

Metformin is a highly effective medication for managing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recent studies have shown that it has significant therapeutic benefits in various organ systems, particularly the liver. Although the effects of metformin on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis are still being debated, it has positive effects on cirrhosis and anti-tumoral properties, which can help prevent the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Furthermore, it has been proven to improve insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia, commonly associated with liver diseases. While more studies are needed to fully determine the safety and effectiveness of metformin use in liver diseases, the results are highly promising. Indeed, metformin has a terrific potential for extending its full therapeutic properties beyond its traditional use in managing diabetes.

Keywords: HCC; MASLD; NAFLD; NASH; chronic liver disease; cirrhosis; diet; hyperglycaemia; insulin resistance; metabolic syndrome; nutrition; type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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Conflict of interest statement

F.P., L.L., S.C., A.M., G.B., M.D., G.A., A.N., C.R., F.S., G.M. and F.R. declare no conflicts of interest. M.L.P. received travel grants and board fees from Bruno Farmaceutici. The paper reflects the views of the scientists, and not the company.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Mechanisms of action of Metformin.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Most common side effects and contraindications of metformin and metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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